The Study Of Human-Environment Interactions Has Been A

The study of human-environment interactions has been a major focus for environmental sociologists for the past 40+ years. One key line of research has been the investigation into who engages in pro-environmental behaviors, which can range from voting for political officials and pro-environmental legislation (Gruber 2003) to recycling (Bamberg et al. 2007), leaf burning (Dunlap and Van Liere 1978), and even public transportation habits (Carrus et al. 2008). This line of research has given us a clear picture of who tends to engage in environmental behaviors and who does not. As societies change and new technologies develop human-environment relationships also change that include new ways to act environmentally. With the advent of new†¦show more content†¦Political consumption is this new form of socially conscious consumption. Political consumption is the conscious act of buying (buycotting) or refraining from purchasing (boycotting) various products and services for social and ethical reasons. Political Consumerism is â€Å"defined as consumers’ use of the market as an arena for politics in order to change institutional or market practices found to be ethically, environmentally, or politically objectionable and is a specific form of participation that characterizes individualized responsibility taking† (Stolle and Micheletti 2013, page 39). Political consumption is the purchasing or avoidance of certain products and services in an effort to bring about social change. Political consumers believe that consumption is a means to promote change, because as demand increases for products that are socially or environmentally superior there will be a corresponding decrease in the demand for those that are not. 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The Allegorical Meaning of The Crucible by Arthur Miller...

The Crucible, a play by the famous playwright Arthur Miller, retells the story of the witch trials occurring in Salem during the seventeen century. Between lies, deceiving and treachery, Salem was the place of a relatively massive genocide solely based upon unproved facts and accusations. However, the real message being the story is something else altogether as The Crucible is an allegory denouncing McCarthyism. The present written task will focus on the following question â€Å"If the text had been written in a different time or place or language or for a different audience, how and why might it differ?† Based on the context of this literary piece, we will therefore see how a text might change based on time period, the setting and the language†¦show more content†¦The setting of a story is a key factor which affects the understanding of the story. Changing the place in which the characters are evolving can drastically modify the meaning of the play as the different a ctions and aims of the drama would not have had the same impact and the same meaning. The Crucible, as we know, was situated in the town of Salem, Massachusetts. Arthur Miller chose this setting for a specific reason, as the events occurring in Salem in the seventeen century allegorized the situation in the United States in the early fifties. Changing the setting of the play while keeping the same time period, the story itself would have been completely altered. During the seventeen century, the events which marked Salem were not the same which marked for example Africa, which was mostly subject to explorations and the settlement of the Europeans. Therefore, the message Miller aimed to transmit would not have the same impact if the story was in a different setting. The audience targeted is also a factor influencing the impact the literary work has on the population. The play was written to raise awareness of the effect of McCarthyism on the American society and on American people. Thus, it was specifically aimed towards people who could do something about the situation in the United States. Therefore, the audience targeted is the young adults, adults and elders of theShow MoreRelatedSummary Of The Crucible And The Red Scare828 Words   |  4 Pages1 A Crucible took place in 1692 when Abagail’s one little lie causes mass hysteria by lying about preforming witchcraft. She and her friends go into the woods to dance and wish for things they want to happen, Abagail wishes that Goody Proctor would die so she could have John Proctor to herself. However, Abagail lies about it and says that she saw someone else with the devil and everyone plays along to save their own skin. 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Millar decided to write the play as an allegorical text and a parallel between the two events. The activitiesRead MoreArthur Millers Good Night, And Good Luck1855 Words   |  8 Pagesfor evidence. Both Arthur Miller’s The Crucible and George Clooney’s Good Night, and Good Luck explore the theme of McCarthyism through numerous ways using conventions of their text types: respectively a play and a film. Each through characterisation and symbolism, as well as individually through the plays title and narrative style, and the films editing, camera techniques and sound track, the texts delve into the subject constructively through their own unique methods. Arthur Miller’s 1953 playRead MoreThe Effective Use of Dramatic Devices in Millers The Crucible3571 Words   |  15 PagesThe Crucible by Arthur Miller is a famous play which was written in the early 1950’s. The Crucible is a play based upon the events in 1692, which led to the ‘Salem Witch Trials’, a series of hearings before local magistrates to prosecute over 150 people accused of witchcraft. This was due to the hysteria caused by a group of girls accusing innocent people of witch craft. The play was set in Salem, Massachusetts between February 1692 and May 1693. Salem was a very isolated and puritanical community

Paranoid Schizopreina Essay Example For Students

Paranoid Schizopreina Essay Paranoid SchizophreniaJust because they really are out to get you doesnt mean you arent paranoid. -Steven BrustParanoid schizophrenia is a serious, lifelong condition that leads to many complications, including suicidal behavior. Paranoid Schizophrenia is one of the several types of schizophrenia, a chronic mental illness in which a person loses touch with reality. The classic features of paranoid schizophrenia are having delusions and hearing things that are not real. This paper will discuss the key symptoms, causes, treatment and prevention of paranoid schizophrenia. Key SymptomsDelusions and hallucinations are the symptoms that make paranoid schizophrenia most distinct from other types of schizophrenia. You are less likely to be affected by mood problems or problems with thinking, concentration or thinking. In paranoid schizophrenia, a common delusion is that you are being singled out for harm. For instance, you may believe that the government is monitoring every move that you make or that a co-worker is poisoning your lunch. You may also have delusions of grandeur- the belief that you can fly, that you are famous or in a relationship with a famous person. You hold on to theses false beliefs despite evidence to the contrary. Delusions often result in aggression or violence, especially if you believe you must act in self-defense against those who want to harm you. An auditory hallucination is the perception of sound, usually voices, that no one else hears. The sounds may be a single voice or many voices. These voices may talk either to you or to each other. The voices are usually unpleasant. They make ongoing criticisms of what you are thinking or doing, or make cruel comments about your real or imagined faults. Voices may also command you to do things that can be harmful to yourself or others. When you suffer from paranoid schizophrenia, these voices are real to you. You may even talk to or shout at the voices. Causes Paranoid schizophrenia and other forms of schizophrenia are brain disorders. Genetics and environment play a key role in causing paranoid schizophrenia. The precise cause is unknown. Certain factors may increase the risk of developing or triggering paranoid schizophrenia including: family history, exposure to viruses while in the womb, poor nutrition while in the womb, stressful life circumstances, older prenatal age, and taking psychoactive drugs during adolescence. Treatment and PreventionIf your doctor or mental health provider suspects that you may have paranoid schizophrenia he or she will run a series of test. These tests will help pinpoint a diagnosis, and rule out other problems that may cause some similar symptoms. These test may include: a physical exam, laboratory testing, and a psychological evaluation. To be diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia, you must meet the symptom criteria spelled out in the Diagnostic and Statistical manual of mental disorders. ( www.mayoclinic.com)Diagnostic criteria includes a preoccupation with one or more delusions, and frequent auditory hallucinations. Paranoid schizophrenia is a chronic condition that requires lifelong treatment, even when you have periods when you feel better and symptoms have lifted. You may be tempted to ignore or stop treatment, but effective treatment can control your condition and lead to a happier life. The main treatment methods for paranoid schizophrenia are: medication, psychotherapy, hospitalization, electroconvulsive therapy, and vocational skills training. Paranoid schizophrenia is not a condition that can be prevented. Evidence shows that some signs of schizophrenia may even be present from early childhood. However, to prevent episodes from occurring as frequently some steps can be followed. Take your medications as directed, even if you are not feeling well. Avoid drugs and alcohol as these tend to worsen the symptoms of paranoid schizophrenia. Pay attention to the warning signs and check before combining other medications to your daily regimen.

Romeo And Juliet Deaths Essays - Characters In Romeo And Juliet

Romeo And Juliet Deaths Who Is To Blame For The Deaths Of Romeo And Juliet? Romeo and Juliet is a tragedy about two star crossed lovers whose love cannot apart them from their two feuding families. In this essay I will state who or what are responsible for their deaths, the main theme of the story is hatred and fate. Firstly I must introduce the two families because their attitude of hatred is responsible for the deaths mainly because if they hadn't quarrelled then maybe Romeo and Juliet wouldn't have got married in secret. Resulting in the feud all the members perpetuated the feud this is illustrated by Tybalt from the Capulet family, Juliet's cousin, he started the fight that resulted in Romeo getting banished and he was always causing trouble. He more than any one else in the story kept hatred alive between the two families because of his violence. I also blame Lord and Lady Capulet, Juliet's parents because they should have paid more attention to Juliet's wishes when she refused to marry Paris. At first they threatened to throw her out onto the streets as in Act three Scene 5 Capulet says to Juliet "Thursday is near lay hand on heart and you be mine, Ill give you to my friend, and you to be not, hang, beg, starve, die in the streets." Lady Capulet also put her daughter in the care of the Nurse who raised Juliet as her surrogate daughter. The Nurse being a blabbermouth out spoken person was also responsible for the death of Juliet. She never acknowledged that maybe Juliet wasn't ready for this immense step in her life from an on looker guardian. In Act two-Scene four the Nurse warns Romeo to be true to Juliet and she explains there is another man after her Paris she compares the two. She says to Romeo that her Juliet is sweet "well sir my mistress is sweetest lady, lord o there is a noble man in town Paris." She encouraged Juliet in her romance with Romeo because the action of her being a blabber mouth is that she carried the messages of a secret meeting of where she knew that they where going to spend a night of passion together in Act three Scene two she says to Juliet "hie to your chamber Ill find Romeo to comfort you hark ye, your Romeo will be here all night" She advised Juliet to marry Paris, knowing she was already married to Romeo. I also blame Friar Lawrence who was the person that took these newly met lustful children into their marriage, since Romeo and Juliet where two children were married so soon and at a young age this made them unable to make they're own decisions. This statement can be proved about Romeo because when he was banished he bellowed like a baby the Nurse had to make young Romeo act like a man just to think of Juliet instead of himself. The main reason for Friar Lawrence's decision to marry the two is wrong is because he thought this might help to make the two families stop fighting in Act two Scenes six Friar Lawrence says, "till holy church incorporate two in one". In the end this was proven to be the motivation for the two children killing themselves he also gave Juliet the sleeping potion Act four Scene one "take this vial, being in bed and this distilled liquor drink thou off". Now I must introduce The Prince ruler of Verona where the story is set. The Prince had the power to act to stop the feud between the two families. It was unjustified of him to send Romeo away from Verona as a punishment for killing Tybalt when the fighting was Tybalt`s own fault for killing Mercutio in Act three Scene three he says "hence from Verona art thou banished: taking thy part, hath rushd aside the law and turn`d that black word into banishment". Mercutio had an influence on Romeo because of his friend ship, Mercutio`s attitude to the quarrels and fighting made the situation worse. He saw the feud as a game and that attitude led him to his death and Romeo's banishment. Even though I am blaming certain people for the tragic deaths of Romeo and Juliet I have to consider that Romeo and Juliet had an affect on there own fates. Firstly, I will blame Romeo because he acted too hastily throughout the story and he was a romancer because the opening of

Reflective Placement Log Report †International Coffee Organisation (ICO) The WritePass Journal

Reflective Placement Log Report – International Coffee Organisation (ICO) Introduction Reflective Placement Log Report – International Coffee Organisation (ICO) . 2013. Mission. Accessed: ico.org/mission07_e.asp?section=About_Us. Last Accessed: 20/11/2013. Phillips C. Burbules N.C., (2000). Postpositivism and Educational Research. UK. Rowman Littlefield Publishers. ISBN-10: 0847691225

C Programming Language for Beginners

C Programming Language for Beginners C is a programming language invented in the early 1970s by Dennis Ritchie as a language for writing operating systems. The purpose of C is to precisely define a series of operations that a computer can perform to accomplish a task. Most of these operations involve manipulating numbers and text, but anything that the computer can physically do can be programmed in C. Computers have no intelligence - they have to be told exactly what to do and this is defined by the programming language you use. Once programmed they can repeat the steps as many times as you wish at very high speed. Modern PCs are so fast they can count to a billion in a second or two. What Can a C Program Do? Typical programming tasks include  putting data into a database  or pulling it out, displaying high-speed graphics in a game or video, controlling electronic devices attached to the PC or even playing music and/or sound effects. You can even write software to generate music or help you compose. Is C the Best Programming Language? Some computer languages were written for a specific purpose. Java was originally devised to control toasters, C for programming Operating Systems, and Pascal to teach good programming techniques but C was intended to be more like a high-level assembly language which could be used to port applications to different computer systems. There are some tasks that can be done in C but not very easily, for example designing GUI screens for applications. Other languages like Visual Basic, Delphi and more recently C# have GUI design elements built into them and so are better suited for this type of task. Also, some scripting languages that provide extra programmability to applications like MS Word and even Photoshop tend to be done in variants of Basic, not C. Which Computers Have C? The bigger question is, which computers dont have C? The answer - almost none, as after 30 years of use it is virtually everywhere. It is particularly useful in embedded systems with limited amounts of RAM and ROM. There are C compilers for just about every type of operating system.   How Do I Get Started With C? First, you need a C compiler. There are many commercial and free ones available. The list below has instructions for downloading and installing the compilers. Both are completely free and include an IDE to make life easier for you to edit, compile and debug your applications. Download and Install Microsofts Visual C 2005 Express EditionDownload and Install Open Watcom C/C Compiler The instructions also show you how to enter and compile your first C application. How Do I Begin Writing C Applications? C code is written using a text editor. This can be notepad or an IDE like those supplied with the three compilers listed above. You write a computer program as a series of instructions (called statements) in a notation that looks a little like mathematical formulas. This is saved out in a text file and then compiled and linked to generate machine code which you then can run. Every application you use on a computer will have been written and compiled like this, and many of them will be written in C. You cant usually get hold of the original source code unless it was open source. Is There Plenty of C Open Source? Because it is so widespread, much open source software has been written in C. Unlike commercial applications, where the source code is owned by a business and never made available, open source code can be viewed and used by anyone. Its an excellent way to learn coding techniques.   Could I Get a Programming Job? Fortunately, there are many C jobs out there and an immense body of code exists that will need updating, maintaining and occasionally rewriting. The top three most popular programming languages according to the quarterly Tiobe.com survey, are Java, C, and C. You could write your own games but youll need to be artistic or have an artist friend. Youll also need music and sound effects. Find out more about game development. Games like Quake 2 and 3 were written in C and the code is available free online for you to study and learn from it. Perhaps a professional 9-5 career would suit you better- read about a professional career or perhaps consider entering the world of software engineering writing software to control nuclear reactors, aircraft, space rockets or for other safety-critical areas.

The Effects Of The Likely Food Security Problems For Society In Africa Essay

The Effects Of The Likely Food Security Problems For Society In Africa - Essay Example What is most significant here is the belief that the world needs to step ahead as a collective unit and make its voice get heard so that sanity could prevail within the related ranks. The two world regions chosen here are of Africa and South Asia where food insecurity is more common than anywhere else on this globe. Within Africa, the aspect of food security seems more like an epidemic than anything else. This is because Africa is one of the most backward continents in the world. There is food deprivation of sorts that is existent within this continent. The countries are doing little to do away with the pressing matters that have remained for the longest time. The governments of the African nations are also not willing to go one step ahead and proceed with forming rules and regulations through which their own populations could be given the free rein that they richly deserve. In essence, Africa is lagging far behind in the race to achieve food security than any other region or contine nt in the world. The reason why Africa lacks in this department is because there is unequal distribution of resources within the continent. People are not being fed in an equal manner as there are a lot of diseases which have come to the fore. Some believe this is due to the hot climate where half of Africa is situated on the equator, while others believe this is due to lack of commitment by the world’s most developed nations, who are doing little or absolutely nothing to thwart such a situation from coming to its domains in the first place (Williams, 2002). Some African nations like South Africa are apt at providing equal distribution of food to its citizens but a number of other nations like Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Zimbabwe, Zambia, etc. lag far behind. Some drastic steps are required to take care of these problems in a head on manner. Within South Asia, the aspect of food security comes to the reckoning because there is huge population within the region and hence the gove rnments are unable to cope up with the resources that are available at their disposal. India is one such example where people find it hard to get hold of the food for their daily needs. It is poor to one extent that it is unable to meet the expectations of millions of people on a regular basis (Thakur, 2004). Much needs to be done within South Asia because the population is increasing at a rapid rate and there seems to be no alternate course available to curtail the problems at hand. The reason why South Asia lags far behind in the race to reach the top is because the people do not know what to do. Also their governments are not ready to give them what they direly require – food (Ingco, 2003). One of the more significant reasons behind this debacle lies in the fact that the unequal distribution of food is between the rich and the poor, living together within this region of the world. Solid steps need to be taken to do away with the varied problems that South Asia is facing at the moment, and the role of the government within such concerns is of a magnanimous one. Conclusion In the end, one should believe that both Africa and South Asia are running head to head as far as unequal distribution of food realms are concerned. The reason for this lies on the head of the people who are running these related affairs (Wyk, 2001). Much needs to be done and that too quickly because South Asia has a pressing problem of inflating population, which is widespread in nearly all

DISCUSS THE SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES IN THE ROLE OF THE 'CITY' Essay

DISCUSS THE SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES IN THE ROLE OF THE 'CITY' ECONOMIES OF HONG KONG AND SINGAPORE IN RELATION TO THE REST OF THE ECONOMIES OF SOUTH EAST ASIA - Essay Example The Asian countries of India, China Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Indonesia, and Malaysia are notable examples NICs and their dramatic successes in economic growth have often been referred to as the East Asian Miracle. Other Asian countries like China and India have also achieved successes in economic growth. The ‘economic miracle’ of these East Asian countries is however not exclusive to Asia as countries in the Americas like Chile, Brazil and Mexico have also achieved appreciably high growth rates in their economies and could thus be referred to as NICs as well. It must be said though the growth rates vary amongst all the NICs and as such some growths may be relatively higher compared to others in other NICs. Countries like China, India Singapore and Hong Kong however standout of the rest due to the rapid nature of their growth within a space of about 30 years. Also, the use of NICs is a matter of definition and as such a country like South Africa that was large ly secluded from the international economy due to its apartheid policies may now be categorised as an NIC by some, while others may classify it as a developed country. This essay will first conduct a generalised or panoramic view of the features that underlie the development experiences of NICs before undertaking a closer look at the experiences of selected NICs. It must be said that though the development experiences may be very varied, some common cardinal features can be seen in the experiences of all NICs. Most NICs were able to achieve high growth rates by instituting market reforms that favoured exports. (Hamilton 1987) There was also a strong emphasis on value added manufacturing that changed their economies from predominantly agrarian economies into industrial and manufacturing based economies. Increased capital investments from foreign and domestic sources played a key role in the development experiences of NICs and so

A history of American sexuality Essay Example for Free

A history of American sexuality Essay There is little to dispute the notion that rebellious movements only originate as a need, not as a result of human nature. It would indeed be appropriate to view the various cultures of resistance that have developed over the ages in light of this ideology; every era saw a different need and hence developed and shaped itself through their individual’s sexual meaning (Demilio and Freedman 228). They embody a change in attitude of youngsters regarding suppressed sexual inclinations considered inappropriate by the general public or believed to be counterproductive. Stemming from as early as the 17th century, the progress of freedom of sexuality has mostly been a mosaic, finding roots in differences of race gender and class. However, recent times have allowed that progress to be catalogued in discernable text which can be reviewed to gain insight into the perception of sexuality as has been generally associated with the past; historians such as Jeffrey Weeks, D’emilio and Freedman provide some valuable control points to make those judgments. First era: 1600 to 1780 The institution of marriage, the historical perspective of which was recently been subjected to criticism, has been under scrutiny lately simply because historical data does not correspond with the stereotypes of a traditional marriage (Coontz 13). In simple words, people who believed that the sanctity of marriage centuries ago was protected because of love between partners have lately been disproven. From 1600 to 1780, marriage was vastly regarded as a tool designed squarely as a reproductive mechanism and for the promotion of labor sources, increasing the family ties and the creation of a new generation (Demilio and Freedman 14). Since work was primarily agricultural back in those days, there was a need to increase labor within the family which was directly reflected in sexuality being confined to the institution of marriage, which in turn was designated for procreation (Demilio and Freedman 16-17). Such was the kinship and family system. During this era, there was a distinct lack of the element of love and social stigma prohibited acts of premarital intercourse and even falling in love as a pretext for marriage. Amongst the general society though, there were mixed thoughts within Protestants and Native American Indians (Demilio and Freedman 108). They formulated resistant sexualities to the norms. While the Protestants encouraged sexual pleasures within the marriage and allowed public, though limited, displays of affection, anything outside this institution was invalidated and scorned upon (Demilio and Freedman 4). There are evidences of regulation in the many punishments awarded to those who breached these standardized concepts of sexualities, and acts of adultery, premarital intercourse, homosexuality, and fornication were considered crimes, commission of which not only resulted in penalties but drew contempt at the hands of the public at large. These were very evidently governed by legal implications, enforced not only by the church (Demilio and Freedman 51) but also the state and society in unison. Such sexual criminals thus became outcast, leading to non-uniformity of sexualities. Amongst these, the prime suspects were Native American Indians, who allowed pre-marital intercourse and considered homosexuality acceptable. Moreover, marriage was not restricted to just one partner. Polygamy became just as common, suggesting that the sexual behavior was more a matter of the culture and social acceptance than human nature. As D’emilio and Freedman point out, the Chesapeake colonies where men outnumbered women due to the presence of a big number of migrants, men could choose to have sex with women simply to derive pleasure and not as instigation to marriage (Demilio and Freedman 14-17). The political system in the middle of the 17th century harbored the use of slaves, and those created their own sexual regimes. The southern areas saw a rise in inter-racial sexual ordeals, giving presence to another distinct system of regulating sexualities. The forms of political control that dominated throughout the 17th century, namely the church, state and the local community began losing their footing by the middle of the 18th century to late 18th century. This was partly due to the rise in commercialization and trade, since community presence was losing ground to a larger form of individualism, which institutionalized marriage as an expression of romance. Thus, the original sexual meanings relating to family ties and procreation governed by the sexual politics of the church, state and the local community were being superseded by the culture of resistance that encouraged romance as the central focus of marriage (Demilio and Freedman 95). Second era: 1870-1980 A new era of sexual preferences was emerging in the late 19th century. The prevailing mood was that of a heightened sense of pre-marital and within-marriage sexual intimacy, defined as â€Å"Victorian† (Peiss 206), with individuality as the central focus, allowing for sexual endeavors to extend beyond marriage and include previously scorned ideologies such as same sex sexualities. The aura was becoming increasingly liberal, as the presence of seemingly immoral exercises such as pornography, and brothel management undermined the societal values (Peiss 238). Attention was drawn towards them by a new breed of post 1880 conservatives. This movement concentrated squarely on declaring every form of seemingly impure sexuality such as adultery, commercialization of sex in terms of pornography, fornication and even eroticization within marriage as immoral and as plagues to society. Sexual meaning, while decidedly liberal in those days, employing extensive use of contraception and experimental living with partners, was met with sexual regulation tactics by the state, governed by the enforcement of legislations. The sexual politics included the passing of Anti-prostitution (Demilio and Freedman 150, 209, 213) and anti-pornography laws facilitating the resistance that Protestants had also partnered in. This, while curbing public vulgarities to some extent, could not come in the way of the growing consumerism that the industrial wave brought with it. With concentration on individual choice, commercial sex grew, in sync with the empowerment of women both at the workplace and within the family, leading to even more equality amongst the sexes (Coontz 208). In the culture that ensued, the sexual meaning took a very liberal turn with empowerment of the individual being the centerpiece, thus enabling homosexual tendencies to thrive, along with the encouragement of romance and eroticism becoming increasingly desirable. The post 1920s was regarded as an era of sexual reform, post Victorian sexual era so to speak, a time when the concept of marriage was drifting from the originally conceived â€Å"traditional† meanings to those based on deriving sexual pleasures simultaneously with the need to reproduce. The sexual meaning, thus, in the context of D’emilio’s and Freedman’s philosophies (1997), combined those two to place emphasis on the fulfillment and satisfaction of one’s self with respect to the institution of marriage, rather than be forced to adhere to it in order to meet social demands of labor and reproduction. The freedom of choice was highlighted amongst the youth and non-heterosexual endeavors as well as pre-marital sexualities became gradually acceptable. The depiction of sex for commercial use picked up pace as well (Demilio and Freedman 327), and liberalism both within marriage and outside it grew. The routine depiction of sexual images to the public became frequent, suggesting that sexual choice and independence was what the society wanted. It was in these times that strides were made for gender equality as well, as men slowly edged towards ceasing to become the dominant sexual partners and women began sharing high posts with men in the workplace. Third Era: Post 1980 to present day The major cultural resistance shift was next experienced in the 1970s, with the advent of the liberal homosexual regimes and the urge to pursue sexual freedom by the likes of Hugh Hefner, bringing to light demands to acknowledge premarital sexual endeavors as a right. This, of course, was contrary to the norm of the day, which was still largely heterosexual. More sexual politics brought Left-wing views to the forefront, arguing especially in favor of the gay liberation movement and feminism (Demilio and Freedman 322-323). During the 70s and 80s, this phenomenon gripped the economically thriving youth of the day, affecting the counterculture in so much as shredding the traditional norms associated with marriage and family in favor of a single sexual life. The right-wings continued to advocate against the sexual deviancies of pre-marital intimacy, commercial utilities of sex, eroticism, etc and much of the debate in the 80s thus surrounded the use of contraceptives, illegitimacy, the spread of HIV and Herpes, rising divorce rates etc. This state of moral panic was superseded by the feminist culture of resistance, which in turn strengthened the position of women who placed emphasis on choice. Employing Margaret Sanger’s voice of reason (Demilio and Freedman 243-244), the phenomena of birth control enabled women to pursue sexualities undisturbed, serving to ultimately enable gays and lesbians to exchange vows and raise children (Peiss 484). Conclusion To the present day, sexual meanings have been age dependant and cultures of resistance have shaped the way sexual regulations were governed by sexual politics. As stipulated by Weeks, D’emilio and Freedman, all three need to be considered in unison to understand the changing mechanisms of sexualities over a given period (Demilio and Freedman 377), but it can easily be inferred that those cultures had a strong part to play in the liberation of sexualities and the deviation of the essence of the institution of marriage, from its traditional stance as a means of reproduction to one purely used to attain sexual fulfillment through love . Works Cited Coontz, Stephanie. Marriage, A history: How Love Conquered Marriage . Penguin Books, 2005. Demilio, John and Estelle B. Freedman. Intimate Matters: A History of Sexuality in America, 2nd Edition. University of Chicago Press , 1997. Peiss, Kathy. Major Problems in the History of American Sexuality: Documents and Essays . Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2002.

Life Of Rodin :: essays research papers fc

Auguste Rodin was born November 12, 1840 in Paris and attended the Ecole des Arts Decoratifs in Paris at age 14. Rodin had a special gift for modeling human figures and faces; therefore sculpting humans is all he did. Decorators and commercial sculptors exploited Rodin at a very young age. It was some 20 years before he could sculpt for himself, under the commercial sculptor Albert Carrier-Belleuse. (Auguste, 19) Rodin sculpted ornamental figures for several major buildings in Brussels, such as the Bourse and the Palais des Academies. He then worked on the monument to Jean-Francois Loos, the former mayor of Antwerp. Rodin did not start this monument, but he work on it. Rodin acquired a sufficient amount of money to travel to Italy, which was an important step in his career. In 1877 he returned to Paris with his first major sculpture, The Age of Bronze. This piece of work showed a young man coming out of misery and depression to a state of heightened awareness. Critics and fellow artists thought and also accused Rodin of making this piece from a plaster cast taken directly from a living person. This deeply hurt Rodin. (Auguste, 19) In 1880, Rodin was contracted by the French government to make a door for the projected Musee des Arts Decortifs. Rodin worked endlessly on the sketches for the bronze door, now titled The Gates of Hell. In 1883 Rodin met Camille, this is when he had reached his â€Å"decisive stage† in preparations for The Gates of Hell. This aspect of Rodin’s work and ideas has to be borne in mind considering the beginning of his relationship with Camille Claude. (Auguste, 21-22) Camille and Rodin had, at first, an intimate attraction for each other. Rodin met Camille when he was an instructor correcting the work of a group of young ladies. This man was the master who could finally teach Camille a proper set of artistic bearings. Rodin could knead the clay â€Å"at lightning speeds† and instantly create the most complex and expressive form. (Auguste, 22) In 1884, Rodin made his first portrait of Camille, an â€Å"austerely beautiful head with large eyes, short hair and sharply defined features†. And by 1886, Rodin was so obsessed with Camille that he followed her to England where she was staying with her friend Jessie Lipcomb and her family in Peterborough. (Auguste, 24) In the fall of 1884, he was commissioned to design the monument to The Burghers of Calais, which was to become one of his major works. Life Of Rodin :: essays research papers fc Auguste Rodin was born November 12, 1840 in Paris and attended the Ecole des Arts Decoratifs in Paris at age 14. Rodin had a special gift for modeling human figures and faces; therefore sculpting humans is all he did. Decorators and commercial sculptors exploited Rodin at a very young age. It was some 20 years before he could sculpt for himself, under the commercial sculptor Albert Carrier-Belleuse. (Auguste, 19) Rodin sculpted ornamental figures for several major buildings in Brussels, such as the Bourse and the Palais des Academies. He then worked on the monument to Jean-Francois Loos, the former mayor of Antwerp. Rodin did not start this monument, but he work on it. Rodin acquired a sufficient amount of money to travel to Italy, which was an important step in his career. In 1877 he returned to Paris with his first major sculpture, The Age of Bronze. This piece of work showed a young man coming out of misery and depression to a state of heightened awareness. Critics and fellow artists thought and also accused Rodin of making this piece from a plaster cast taken directly from a living person. This deeply hurt Rodin. (Auguste, 19) In 1880, Rodin was contracted by the French government to make a door for the projected Musee des Arts Decortifs. Rodin worked endlessly on the sketches for the bronze door, now titled The Gates of Hell. In 1883 Rodin met Camille, this is when he had reached his â€Å"decisive stage† in preparations for The Gates of Hell. This aspect of Rodin’s work and ideas has to be borne in mind considering the beginning of his relationship with Camille Claude. (Auguste, 21-22) Camille and Rodin had, at first, an intimate attraction for each other. Rodin met Camille when he was an instructor correcting the work of a group of young ladies. This man was the master who could finally teach Camille a proper set of artistic bearings. Rodin could knead the clay â€Å"at lightning speeds† and instantly create the most complex and expressive form. (Auguste, 22) In 1884, Rodin made his first portrait of Camille, an â€Å"austerely beautiful head with large eyes, short hair and sharply defined features†. And by 1886, Rodin was so obsessed with Camille that he followed her to England where she was staying with her friend Jessie Lipcomb and her family in Peterborough. (Auguste, 24) In the fall of 1884, he was commissioned to design the monument to The Burghers of Calais, which was to become one of his major works.

My Grandmother’s Funeral

Ferry 1 Amy Ferry Professor Nocito Composition 1 20 September 2010 My Grandmother’s Funeral: In every culture on our planet Earth, death is a part of life. Whether loved ones and friends of the deceased choose burial through internment, or produce ashes in a crematory, there is always a respectable method in which to dispose of the body and say a last farewell. In history, the Neanderthals were the first hominids to intentionally bury their dead. They did so by using stone tools and animal bones to dig a grave [1].The purpose of a funeral in today’s society is to pay respect towards the once living person, and for many, aiding them in their journey to another life while sanctifying their previous life. Although all cultures practice funeral rituals for the dead, there are many different kinds. The most popular are internment and cremation. Internment is the act of burying the body in the ground. The body is place inside of a coffin, and then a hole is dug in a cemetery. Cremation, on the other hand, does not involve a casket.Cremation is the process of reducing a body to ashes by fire in a crematory. Scholars conclude that its history began during the Stone Age around 3000 B. C. E. in and around Europe[2]. Other processes include human dismemberment, as Tibetans practice (called Tibetan Sky Burial). Monks essentially mutilate the body and wrap it up in white cloth. They bring it atop a mountain for vultures and other birds; They believe in reincarnation, thus the body is an empty vessel[3].Along with these, there is also Aboriginal Body Exposure, in which the body is left on a platform covered with Ferry 2 leaves to let the corpse decompose naturally [4]. It is practiced by the Australian Aborigines today. My grandmother’s funeral included cremation of her body. After the church ceremony, my father and his siblings, along with a couple of her closest friends, were taken out to the bay by boat to let her ashes fall in the water.When the trag edy strikes, the closest relatives contact all other family members and good friends to inform them of his/her bereavement. During a burial ceremony, the group will attend a mass and a viewing, closed or open casket. This is mostly taken place in a house of worship (church, mosque, temple, etc. ). Afterword, there is a post-funeral dinner or gathering at a restaurant or relative’s home to celebrate the life of the deceased. Music is played, food is eaten, and memorable photographs are displayed for all to enjoy. This is intended to be a positive experience in which everyone reflects on his/her accomplishments and the happy times.For my grandmother’s funeral, flowers were sent to the church we had attended during mass and the viewing. My aunt had spoken a few words in front to everyone about her mother, and we went to a restaurant to have a catered meal and reminisce. The death of a loved one will be difficult for anyone. The funeral may be the hardest part of the berea vement process. The experience of a funeral may be different for every individual attending; one person may feel relief if the deceased was suffering from an illness. One may feel loss, anger, or even contentedness (celebrating the person’s life and achievements).During my grandmother’s funeral, I was grieving, yet during the after-dinner I felt relieved and happy that she was no longer in pain on Earth. The purpose of a funeral is to remember the one who passed away, and to give condolences to those who are grieving, and to give a proper religious ceremony for the deceased. My view on the funerals which I am accustomed to is that they give reassurance of a happy afterlife, and it gives closure as well. Ferry 3 Funerals in all regions of the world are based on the same concepts, and they should all be respected equally.Whether the process is burial of the body, cremation, or another ritual, all of them have religious or spiritual significance behind them. Before my gra ndmother passed, she had it in her mind that she wanted to be cremated. My father was hesitant primarily because he hadn’t been exposed to the process, but he soon realized that it was no different than any other. Her funeral was memorable, beautiful, and reassuring for myself as well as my whole family. Ferry 4Works Cited * Harder, Ben. Evolving in Their Graves: Early Burials Hold Clues to Human Origins. Science News. 15 December 2001. CBS Interactive. 2010. ;lt;http://www. bnet. com/;gt; * The History of Cremation. Everlife Memorials. Classic Memorials, Inc. 2004. ;lt;http://www. everlifememorials. com;gt; * O’Brien, Daniel. Tibetan Buddhist Sky Burial. 25 July 2008. Cracked Entertainment, Inc. 2005-2010. ;lt;http://www. cracked. com/;gt; * Knight, David, Aboriginal Body Exposure. 25 July 2008. Cracked Entertainment, Inc. 2005-2010. ;lt;http://www. cracked. com/;gt;

Constructions Of Working Class Masculinity English Literature Essay

â€Å" In recent old ages sociologists have been shocked to detect that blue-collar work forces really spend far more clip with their kids that their professional coevalss, and experience far less threatened by the additions of feminism. ( This is likely because, as DH Lawrence pointed out a long clip ago, the working categories are surer of themselves sexually ) . Propertyless work forces make natural male parents in a manner that other work forces, obsessed with position and calling promotion, merely do non. In Beckham ‘s relentless beauty, ne'er more compete than when looking at his boy, we seem to see all that work forces could be- that stamina and that tenderness combined without struggle or cruelty- if merely they stopped seeking to command everything so much, if they stopped worrying for five proceedingss about looking soft † ( Julie Birchill on David Beckham in The Guardian ) . Masculinity is frequently determined by a adult male ‘s physical visual aspect and how brave they are ; physical strength and following a epic nature is therefore necessary to stand up for oneself and support 1s household. Many of the work forces in working category literature execute manual labor, such as excavation or working in a mill, in order to supply a life for their household. In contrast, although it become more frequent for adult females to work during and after the Second World War, work forces did non adhere to this function reversal, and assisting out domestically was non something which they carried out. Richard Hoggart suggests that many adult females would non desire their hubbies to lend to the domestic jobs, despite their ain heavy work load, â€Å" for fright he is thought womanish † ( 35 ) . Furthermore, Hoggart asserts that working-class male childs shortly get the sense that â€Å" it ‘s different for work forces † and accordingly they contribute less to household care than their sisters ( 36 ) . And though a cause for concern, these â€Å" unsmooth male childs are frequently admired ; the head-shaking over them is every bit proud as it is contrite — ‘ [ H ] vitamin E ‘s a existent chap ‘ people say † . Therefore, although work forces must be married in order to to the full accomplish their maleness, they must besides continually emphasize their heterosexualism, doing certain to ever act in the right mode for their gender. Alan Sillitoe ‘s ‘Saturday Night and Sunday Morning ‘ conveys maleness chiefly through Arthur Seaton ‘s averment of his heterosexualism seen through his intervention of adult females and heavy imbibing, yet besides through his ambivalent mentality on matrimony. Arthur Seaton appears to contemn the thought of matrimony, naming it ‘the dizzy and unsought threshold of snake pit ‘ ( 156 ) , yet he loves disbursement clip with Brenda and entertaining her kids, and by the terminal of the novel, with Doreen, ‘they spoke of acquiring married in three months. ‘ ( 217 ) Arthur, nevertheless, is highly judgemental towards other work forces, ‘Arthur classified hubbies into two chief classs: those that looked after their married womans, and those that were slow. ‘ ( ? ) He says this as if to warrant his matter with Brenda ; Jack must be slow and therefore non worthy to be Brenda ‘s hubby. Arthur believes the ‘slow ‘ hub bies to be less masculine ; they are incapable of delighting their married womans, which is why their married womans are finally unpatriotic, ‘There was something lacking in them, non like a adult male with one leg that could in no manner be put right, but something that they, the slow hubbies, could easy rectify if they became less selfish, brightened up their thoughts, and looked after their married womans a bit better ‘ ( 41? ) . Ironically it appears that the less masculine hubby is less attentive to his married woman ‘s emotional demands. A farther sarcasm is evident when Arthur states that despite his utilizing Brenda and making incorrect, ‘If I of all time acquire married, he thought, and have a married woman that carries on like Brenda and Winnie carry on, I ‘ll give her the biggest gluing any adult female of all time had. I ‘d kill her. My married woman ‘ll hold to look after any childs I fill her with, maintain the house spotless. And if she ‘s good at that I might allow her travel to the images now and once more and take her out for a drink on Saturday. ‘ ( 145 ) This scene clearly depicts Arthur as the alpha-male. He wants to take control, and when he does hold a married woman, he is certain she will make as she is told. Furthermore, he is egotistic and indurate, particularly when he states, ‘Brenda was n't deserving the problem he ‘d been through to maintain her ‘ ( 145 ) , despite the fact it was his mistake she got pregnant, and his determination to trans port on the matter whilst cognizing she was married, which conveys Arthur ‘s irresponsible and barbarous nature. Arthur invariably acts how he wants ; ever taking to move as a ‘man ‘ , when truly, he is portrayed as objectionable and petroleum. We are introduced to Arthur ‘s stereotyped manfully physique early into the novel where he is depicted as a ‘tall, iron-faced, crop-haired young person ‘ ( 34? ) . The usage of the word ‘iron ‘ makes him sound tough, about unbreakable, and this becomes evident in the novel through his difficult imbibing and the battles he gets into. Arthur ‘s maleness is asserted from the gap of the novel, through his description of ‘crafty weaponries around female waists ‘ , conveying his involvement in adult females from the start of the novel. His manfulness is conveyed through his imbibing wonts besides, and the initial rhyme used on the phrases ‘best and bingiest ‘ and ‘piled-up passions ‘ ( 9 ) emphasises Arthur ‘s exhilaration that it is the weekend and he can imbibe more than usual, whilst adding a conversational tone. The colloquialism besides creates a welcoming tone to the gap of the novel, which encourages us to ab initio warm to Arthur as a character. The exhilaration in this gap chapter is starkly contrasted to the humdrum of Arthur ‘s workplace, ‘a hebdomad ‘s humdrum transplant in the mill was swilled out of your system in a explosion of good will ‘ . The apposition within this sentence clearly shows Arthur ‘s grasp of his weekends and the sibilance in the latter half of the sentence conveys a tone of felicity and relaxation since this is his clip to rest. Furthermore, the ‘slow-turning Big Wheel of the twelvemonth ‘ high spots the sense of humdrum and it mirrors the cyclical construction of working category life. The gap to the novel besides introduces Arthur take parting in a imbibing competition with a crewman. It is both the ability to imbibe and the component of competition that are stressed in this peculiar episode, ‘It seemed an even competition for a long clip, as if they would sit at that place sloping it back for of all time, until Loudmouth all of a sudden went green halfway through the 10th pint ‘ ( 11 ) .Arthur ‘s successful achievement in both can be read as an avowal of hegemonic maleness. In contrast to Arthur ‘s imbibing being associated with maleness, in Walter Greenwood ‘s novel, ‘Love on the Dole ‘ , imbibing appears by the way instead than conspicuously. The fresh condemns Ned Narkey for his inebriation and leads us to dislike his character. For illustration, when Ned confronts Sally about why she will non get married him, he states, ‘ah ‘ll mek certain that that chicken rat up street do n't either†¦ non if Ah have t ‘ swing for him ‘ , mentioning to Larry Meath. His bibulous province nowadayss him as unstable, and we do non desire him to be with any adult female. ( 145 ) . Furthermore, when he sees Sam Grundy speaking to Sally after he has had a few drinks, his violent nature is conveyed and we see the negative consequence which imbibing has on him, ‘Blind hatred and enviousness dominated him ; his urge was to snap at Grundy ‘s pharynx, fling him to the floor and kick his encephalons out. ‘ ( 188 ) . This perceptual experience of maleness is criticised and his aggressive linguistic communication is non applauded, contrasting to the light-heartedness of Arthur ‘s imbibing competition in ‘Saturday Night and Sunday Morning ‘ . Furthermore, in ‘Love on the Dole ‘ , Mr. Hardcastle ‘s opposition to ‘the enticement to travel drown concern and wretchedness in drink ‘ ( 94 ) is praised, which highlights that the more manful pick in this instance is non traveling down to the saloon to acquire rummy ; Mr. Hardcastle understands this will do no difference to his state of affairs. Therefore, in order to be manfully is to back up 1s household, which can non be achieved through heavy imbibing. Similar to Greenwood, George Orwell does non commend imbibing through his novel, ‘The Road to Wigan Pier ‘ , and decides non to include it at all. B. Clarke observes that Orwell, â€Å" Does non reproduce images of inebriation and force † which appear in Sillitoe ‘s, ‘Saturday Night and Sunday Morning ‘ . This elevates the mineworkers ‘ position and conveys their maleness in a different visible radiation. They are still physically powerful, yet Orwell presents them as non experiencing the demand to asseverate their manfulness through difficult imbibing, purposefully giving the mineworkers, who are stand foring the working category, a â€Å" stable individuality † . A farther building of maleness in ‘Saturday Night and Sunday Morning ‘ is the gallant nature of Sam ; he is masculine in a different manner to the other working category work forces in the novel since he does non utilize aggression or vulgar linguistic communication. His physical visual aspect is described as ‘a compact Black with a composure, intelligent face ‘ ( 191 ) which juxtaposes the old description of Arthur as holding a face every bit hard as Fe. Furthermore, he is ‘dressed in a well-pressed khaki ‘ ( 192 ) demoing how he takes pride in his visual aspect. Sam besides contrasts Arthur in his attack to hard state of affairss, for illustration, when a battle is about to get down when they go to the saloon for a drink, Arthur accidently spills a little sum of beer on a adult female when he is go throughing the drinks over, and when her hubby intervenes, ‘Arthur clenched his fists, ready to nail him ‘ . ( 194 ) Therefore, he sees fo rce as the reply, whereas Sam calmly states, ‘what ‘s the affair? ‘ ( 194 ) conveying how he is polite and well-spoken ; unlike Arthur, Sam uses fluency over force. Labor is made up of either physical work in the mill or office work ; the former bears associations with the working category whilst the latter with the in-between category. For illustration, the working category figure of Harry Hardcastle in Walter Greenwood ‘s ‘Love on the Dole ‘ despises his work as a clerk at the pawn store chiefly because he views being ‘a mere thruster of pens ‘ ( 21 ) as holding feminine intensions. Therefore, in-between category work was considered as effeminate, intending working category work forces who worked in offices were non considered every bit masculine as those who worked in manual, physical labor. This is contrasted to Harry ‘s dream of working at Marlowe ‘s, which he describes as ‘majestic, impressive†¦ tremendous technology works†¦ with work forces, engaged in work forces ‘s work ‘ ( 19 ) . Greenwood ‘s huge scope of adjectives used to depict Marlowe ‘s are all what Harry aspires to be, and he associates these descriptions with being a existent adult male. Similarly, George Orwell, through his novel, ‘The Road to Wigan Pier ‘ makes the physical work of the mineworkers appear really manfully, and as B. Clarke observes, Orwell, â€Å" insists that mineworkers are bound together partially by their attachment to a traditional signifier of maleness founded on manual labor, physical bravery, and endurance † . Orwell therefore praises these work forces ‘s masculine qualities, such as their physical bravery, endurance and solidarity. He appears really passionate about the work they do, portraying them as heroic, saying that excavation is a ‘Superhuman occupation ‘ ( 19 ) . Many of the work forces died whilst making their occupation, and Orwell presents the dangers of excavation through his narrative ; therefore underscoring the issue sing the development of the working categories. In contrast to the great regard we form for the mineworkers in ‘The Road to Wigan Pier, through ‘Saturday Night and Sunday Morning ‘ , we develop a deficiency of regard for Arthur ‘s hedonic attitude towards his societal position ‘And so it was possible to bury the mill, whether inside it sudating and striving your musculuss by a machine, or whether sloping ale in a saloon†¦ the mill did non affair. The mill could travel on working until it blew itself up from excessively much velocity ‘ . The initial rhyme on ‘sweating/straining/ ‘ and muscles/machine ‘ are all words connected with physical work, underscoring Arthur ‘s maleness. Although his statement about his work-place non counting seems careless, Arthur ‘s warmer side becomes evident when he juxtaposes this to things which do affair in life, ‘But I, he thought†¦ will be here after the mill ‘s gone, and so will Brenda and all adult females lik e her still be here, the kind of adult females that are deserving their weight in gold ‘ . ( 45 ) This description of adult females is beautiful and the initial rhyme on the ‘w ‘ sound conveys how Arthur is underscoring his point that his does hold some regard for adult females, and he is non wholly barbarous and remorseless ; he conveys how maleness does has a softer, more emotional side along with its stereotyped intensions. Due to the economic wants of the post-war period, Sillitoe intentionally presents his characters as taking to maximize their ain pleasance to foreground an dreamer inclination behind hedonism ; working category work forces found it difficult to confront the troubles of the post-war period. For illustration, when Arthur is present during Brenda ‘s gin and hot-bath abortion, he is highly insouciant about it, comparing it to ‘watching the telly with no portion in what he was seeing. ‘ ( 88 ) Arthur therefore conveys no mark of compassion for Brenda ‘s agony. Furthermore, on the same dark, he sleeps with Winnie, Brenda ‘s sister, ‘he could barely retrieve Brenda, believing that possibly he had dreamed about her sometime, but nil more ‘ ( 96 ) . This is flooring after he has merely watched her abort their babe, and his description of merely cognizing her through his dreams suggests that possibly something is incorrect with him mentally ; this coul d, nevertheless, merely be his manner of covering with guilt. If he truly feels no guilt, and has no scruples, although extreme, Arthur could good be thought of as a psychopath. Arthur ‘s rebelliousness of moral values and negligent attitude is conveyed when Arthur and Fred witness a adult male throw a pint glass at a store window, and a female informant ‘held the bewildered perpetrator by his carpus ‘ ( 108 ) whilst they wait for the constabulary. Arthur ‘s immorality and hideous nature is depicted through his sexually derogative description of this adult female ; he loathes her for non allowing the improper adult male flight, ‘She ‘s a bitch and a prostitute†¦ a blood-tub, a murphy face, a swivel-eyed gett, a Rat-clock. ‘ ( 113 ) This deadly spring of misogynism and barbarous linguistic communication portrays Arthur ‘s dominant, aggressive maleness, yet Sillitoe is finally showing this signifier of maleness in a really negative visible radiation.

The near-perfect Progressive Era essays

The near-perfect Progressive Era essays From the rise of the twentieth century until 1920, the Progressive Era took shape. The economy became dominated by corporate giants just as workers began to unionize. This reform movement known as progressivism arose in response to problems caused by industrialization. The Progressive Era shone at a time when America was battling social upheavals caused by industrialization, while having only a few coercive dimensions. Most of the progressives accepted the capital system, but only wanted to modify it. There was no unified movement, though, as everyone wanted to reform different things. Jane Addams was a pioneer of social work. She founded the settlement of Hull House in Chicago, Illinois. Margaret Sanger wanted to educate the urban poor about the benefits of family planning through birth control. She founded an organization that came to be known as Planned Parenthood. Booker T. Washington, a former slave, focused on teaching African-Americans trade skills to earn a living. He founded the Tuskegee Institute. Finally, W.E.B. Dubois founded NAACP. Dubois was a Harvard-educated professor who focused on a liberal arts education for African-Americans. Social reformers were widespread in their different reformation goals. Another major force in the Reformation was the muckrakers. Muckrakers was a term coined by Theodore Roosevelt to describe individuals who investigated corruption and other problems concerning the American people. Many of their novels were so moving that they brought about results. Jacob Riis was the author of How the Other Half Lives(1890). This novel described the living conditions of urban poor, and resulted in new building codes in NYC to promote health and safety. Frank Norriss The Octopus (1901) exposed monop olistic railroad practices in California. It led to the breakup of the holding company controlling the railroad in Northern Securities V. U.S. (1904). Finally, Upton Si...

Tips for Successful Late Night Studying

Tips for Successful Late Night Studying What is your best study time? Do you feel most like studying in the wee hours of the night? If so, you are not alone. But  that can be a problem for parents and school officials. While some students like to get up early in the morning and study, most will say that late night studying is most productive. When it comes to brain power, students will say they perform better at nightand the fact that parents might find surprising and  interesting is that  science seems to agree. That can be a problem. School starts early in the morning for most students, so the benefits of studying at night can be eliminated by the drowsiness of missing sleep! Science also shows that the amount of sleep you get will affect your academic performance. Here Are a Few Tips for Maximizing Study Time Figure out if you are a morning person or a night person. You might surprise yourself. Try getting up early to study and see if it works out.Have a talk with parents to tell them that teen brains do perform better at night, so you won’t have to deal with miscommunication. Show them the science. You might be able to come up with a solution.Agree on an absolute â€Å"start time† for studying if you need to study late. Turn off the TV! Your brain should be just fine at six or seven o’clock. You don’t need to start after dark.Agree on a solid deadline for closing books and getting to sleep.Dont waste time on texts, games, and social media. You can do all of that early evening and get serious later in the evening if youre a night owl.Upon occasion, you may be able to go to school a little late if you have to study for an afternoon test. As long as you are communicating with your parents, and as long as the tardiness doesnt hurt your grades, you may be able to w ork this out. Sources: Improved Academic Success. ScienceDaily. Retrieved November 7, 2009, from sciencedaily.com ¬ /releases/2009/06/090610091232.htm Teens. ScienceDaily. Retrieved November 7, 2009, from sciencedaily.com ¬ /releases/2007/05/070520130046.htm

Water and Its Importance in Broward Countys Environment Term Paper

Water and Its Importance in Broward Countys Environment - Term Paper Example Pollutants taken by this run-off can be released into pathways, ponds, and other systems water with negative ecological effects. In Broward Nation, a major resource of stormwater contamination is scenery run-off. The plant foods, weed killers, and bug sprays we use to keep our lawns looking their best can actually end up doing more damage than good. When it downpours, these pollutants along with other contaminants like fuel and oil can run off from our qualities and into our local storage areas, pathways, and larger systems water like the Everglades and Seaside Ocean. Flower foods, in particular, can cause some serious issues for our water resources. Flower foods promote the development of plankton and marine fresh mushrooms because they contain high levels of nitrogen and phosphorus, two nutritional values that encourage plant development. The out of control development of plankton and unwanted marine vegetation (like hydrilla and cattails) and Water hyacinth damages our ocean often . Once fertilizers get into our waterways, they can cause the rapid development of plankton. Algal biomass atmosphere the water and blocks sunshine, causing stress to marine vegetation. When that vegetation passes away, it sinks to the bottom and is decomposed by parasites. As the parasites feed off the vegetation, it reduces oxygen from the water that seafood and other creatures need to live, and can outcome in large seafood destroys. Plant biomass can also cram pathways, reducing discharge. This often results in the need for chemical treatment, which is not only costly but also plays a role in the contamination of our water.   Excess fertilizers in our water can also cause changes in established surroundings. For instance, cattails can grow so heavy that they press out all local vegetation, allowing exotic and obtrusive vegetation to take hold. This can limit looking by creatures and eventually cause local varieties to seek other places for the environment.

A, Critically explain an account for the equitable maxim equity will Essay

A, Critically explain an account for the equitable maxim equity will not assist a volunteer and B, Critically explain an account for the differences between equitable and common law remedies - Essay Example A donatio mortis causa is where property is transferred to another in expectation that the maker will be dying soon after the item has been transferred. The transfer is conditional that the death is imminent. Such a gift is effective form the moment it has been made subject to the death of the testator soon after making the bequest. The gift is classed as an inter vivos gift such that if the testator does not die as expected the gift will be revoked. Blackstone talks of donatio mortis causa as occurring when a person ‘in his last sickness, apprehending his dissolution near, delivers or causes to be delivered to another the possession of any personal goods to keep in case of his decease’. Swinburne identifies 3 types of donatio mortis causa, these being a gift in anticipation of death, a gift moved by imminent danger which takes effect immediately and a gift where a person in peril of death gives something to the donee that only becomes the property of the donee if the donor dies. The Lord Chancellor disagreed with this stating that only the first of these was a donatio mortis causa. The Lord Chancellor made the comment that the second type would be an inter vivos gift whilst the third type would be a testamentary disposition. ‘for an effectual donatio mortis causa three things must combine: first, the gift or donation must have been made in contemplation, though not necessarily in expectation, of death; secondly, there must have been delivery to the donee of the subject-matter of the gift; and, thirdly, the gift must be made under such circumstances as shew that the thing is to revert to the donor in case he should recover’ As a result of cases such as Sen v. Headley2 the courts have adopted a different approach to the application of donatio mortis causa. The new conditions require that the gift was made in contemplation of death, rather than expectation; that the gift is made subject to the condition that it will only

Media violence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Media violence - Essay Example Various individuals and research groups have constantly attributed the increased rate of violence among the children and youths as a result of media influence (Phillips 26). Various forms of media present violent incidences as well as games with numbers attracted towards these violent views and video games constantly increasing. It is equally important to note that other researchers attribute violent media as an outlet of aggression as opposed to source of violence among any group within the society. The paper therefore explores the reasons why violent games and videos need to remain out of blame while searching for increased rise of criminal activities among children and the youth. To derive sufficient evidence that will lead to real answers, a focus on trends as well as averages is essential as opposed to simply relying on statistical outliers to measure the extent that criminal games and videos as well as other forms of criminal forms of games presented by the media affect the society (Foster). Focusing on logical trends like where an individual goes to work on eight hours a day and then heads home to engage in other forms of leisure while a kid plays for one hour and heads for a shooting spree is essential. It is also important to recall that even if there exists a connection between violent games as well as aggressive behavior, there lacks evidence to signify casualty (Hofmann133). There is a likelihood that violent criminals may choose violent games but there is still millions of children who engage on violent games day-day out but the vast majority of these children still remain as normal and law-abiding citizens. In the U.S, the concept interrelating video game violence and young people was taken to the national spotlight in a case where a California law banned sale of some specific violent related videos and games was brought in the Supreme Court. The enforcement of the 2005 failed to take effect at the

Organisational Culture The Case Of Daimler Management Essay

Organisational Culture The Case Of Daimler Management Essay Introduction Organizational or corporate culture is deliberated as one of the vital conflicts and dilemmas as well as subjects that are relevant in academic research as well as education giving deliberation on the corporate and business theory and management applications. The main basis and grounds behind this is the notion that the determinant and attribute of the culture is deliberated as valuable in entire life of corporations and business. Even in those corporate and business where in cultural conflicts and dilemmas take delivery of little precise deliberation, how individuals in a firm perceive, experience, analyze as well as operate are all presented and forwarded by diverse ideologies, sense, significance and also customs and elements of a cultural nature. Whether management perceive that culture is deliberated as too soft or too hard to worry about or whether there is no limited and confined corporate culture, does not lessen the essence of culture (Alvesson 2002). Accordingly, senior corporate management are almanners, in one manner or another, manage and administer culture and deliberated as the most significant notion to be implicated by an industry. Those corporations and industries that are working numbers of diverse management may help in the expansion of building up and copying a culture that will honor and observe the indicator of performance as well as the operations and functions about the process of handling of these. In most of the modern business organization, corporate culture deliberates different types of attention that is deliberated as crucial. The issues is that management are often missing of a deeper comprehension about own individuals and corporate and business will function concerning the culture. It is significant to deliberate the notion that culture is a vital and complex because it is very complex to comprehend and apply in the thoughtful manner. Awareness of and attention in culture can be adjusts between management as well as automotive industry. However, it is still considered hard to get hold of a high level of cultural awareness direct actions (Alvesson 2002). Primarily, the principal objective of this report is to assess the organizational culture of Daimler and identify the issues and problems faced by the management of the automotive industry concerning cultural and diversity issues. Since one of the most talked about Cultural diversity management is the one which Daimler and Chrysler has considered, it is best to analyze the issues that cultural diversity have brought the industry after the Cultural diversity management. Organizational Culture There is no broad concurrence concerning on what the expression organizational or corporate culture explains as well as delivers. The term has been considered in diverse manners, which consist: as a metaphor, as a principle body that relays and associates to the corporate and business as a whole or a set of behavioral or cognitive characteristics. Furthermore, It also visible and evident in diverse determinant and attributes which consist determinant and attributes, symbols, myths, languages, norms of behavior, beliefs, customs, values, ethical codes, legends, as well as attitudes, basic assumptions or event the past of the corporations and businesses. As mentioned by Morgan (1997), the corporate culture has basically four significant strengths. The first strength emphasizes the attention on the human side of corporate and business condition and life. On the other hand, another strength gives consideration on the significance of harmonious internal relations among the members of the corporate and business, that in turn will result to the attainment of objectives and goals. It also makes the members, specifically the corporate and business leaders to analyze themselves in terms of the implications they have on the group. The last one is it develops the corporate and business relationship not only internally but also externally with the implications of the behavior on the outside environment. Various studies such as White (1998) and Hibbard (1998) have given emphasis more on defining values as the core foundation of corporate culture. Whilst such values are significant determinants or determinants of corporate culture, other studies and investigations have shown that corporate as well as business differ more on practices rather than on their values (Hofstede, 2001, p. 394). Such contrary results were determined and found among national culture. In the study by Hofstede (2001), the author has been able to explain that values are derived from an individuals early life, chiefly from his or her own family. This then supports the notions that corporate culture is founded by industrial and institutional practices. Typically, values are not openly apparent for staffs and management. However, in some part, values are expressed through industrial practices. Hence, they can be obtained from emerging corporate and business practices found within the corporate and business, its depar tment or individual work units. It also relays and associated on the outline of attitudes, principles as well as academic manners of adjusting with knowledge that have enhanced during the manner of the record of the corporations and business, which have a propensity to be visible and obvious in its material aspects as well as in the performance and function of the members. Hence, it is deliberated as the outline of valuable statements that have proceeded well sufficient to be able to be deliberated as suitable, hence, it is vital to be trained to latest members as the precise technique to differentiate and identify, reflect and experience in connection to dilemmas and issues of outer variation and inner collaboration(Maier 2004). Based on this, it is deliberated as the shared values, customs and norms and also the expectations that guide the manner in which individuals approach their work, at the same time collaborate with one another. Organizational or corporate culture is diverse from that of the world culture; t his is due to those associated on the shared histories, foods, languages, beliefs which are deliberated as the basis and foundation of the identity of an individual. The personal culture influences how a person is deciding on a specific happening as well as conditions that they are encountering. Identifying the organizational or corporate culture entails being able to give emphasis on the identification of the universal references of the corporations and business. Organizational or corporate culture has been measured as a compound events and happenings. It is very apparent and clear in the behavioral traditions and backgrounds, concealed statements and also as human nature. Furthermore, the value and worth of presenting corporate and business culture from diverse levels, together with idea and creations, values as well as fundamental postulations (Oden, 1997). The extend in which organizational or corporate culture is consciously as well as overtly rather than unconsciously and covertly manifest, implicates how easily organizational or corporate culture can be changed and managed. When organizational or corporate culture change involves changing surface-level behavioral norms as well as object and piece, it can happen with connected easiness. At the authentic levels of organizational or corporate culture, purpose suppositions, ideas, as well as human nature, it is very complex and consuming to consider changes in organizational or corporate cu lture. The process of considering and varying organizational or corporate culture is being influenced by diverse level of corporate and business culture under deliberation (De Witte Muijen 2000). Overview of Daimler One of the successful automotive industries in the global market is Daimler AG. Having its divisions of brands such as Daimler Trucks, Mercedes-Bens Vans, Mercedes Bens Cars, Daimler financial services, Daimler Buses, the industry is considered to be one of the biggest manufacturers of premium cars and vehicles as well as the biggest producers of the commercials automotive vehicles with a global market reach. On the other hand, the Financial Services division of the automotive industry offers their clients with a full range of automotive financial services which include leasing, financing, insuring and fleet management. The founders of the industry have been able to create a history by inventing the automotive in 1886. Being the pioneer for automotives, the automotive industry continues to mold the future of mobility. Daimler group of automotive industry consider innovative and green technologies to be able to generate safe as well as superior automotives that fascinate as well as sa tisfy their clients. Due to the development of alternative drive determinant and attributes, the automotive industry is noted to be the only producer of vehicles that invests in hybrid drive, electric motors as well as fuel-cell approaches, with the objective of attaining emission-free mobility for the long run. Such is just one of the examples of showing how the automotive industry eagerly accepts and considers challenge of meeting their corporate social responsibilities for the environment and the society. The automotive industry is selling their services and vehicles in nearly all the nations in the global market and has manufacturing plans and facilities on the five continents. The current brand portfolio involve, as part of the global masters most valuable automotive brands, Mercedes-Benz, the brands smart which includes the Fuso, Setra, Western Star, Maybach, Feirghtliner, Thomas Built Buses and Orion. Part of the technique and approach of the automotive industry is to merge and acquire different automotive industry to position the industry in the global market and to grasp competitive position in the world market. PEST Analysis It can be noted that the automotive industry has been dependent on global business climate as well as its cycles. Accordingly, the car industries have boomed through 1990s, but due to the Asian crisis as well as the beginning worldwide recession for the new generation, there was a slight slump which has been predicted. To comprehend the organisational culture of Daimler, Pest Analysis will be considered. The following figure shows the analysis of the political, economical, socio-cultural and technological determinant and attributes affecting Daimler. Figure 1 PEST Analysis One of the political factor that affects Daimler is the different taxations surrounding European market which lead to re-imports. Herein, the vehicles are being bought abroad, re-imported to the local market which affects the prices. In the period of economical problems, clients do not substitute their cars. On one hand, there are some brands and cars which are common in the market which express a new way of lifestyle. In terms of technological determinant and attributes, automotive industry nowadays are becoming quick in terms of business standards and consider shortened product life cycles. On one hand, to be able to cope with the environmental aspects, further consolidation of the automotive industry are expected. Aside from PEST analysis, the automotive industry will also be analyzed through the consideration of Porters five Forces model. Figure 2 Porters Five Forces Model Consequently, it can be considered that the most critical are the relations to buyers and suppliers. In Germany, for instance, the supplier of Fords for door-locks is Kieckert which stopped its supply to be able to force ford to pay more which paralysed the production of the automotive industry. On one hand, the buyers from different parts of the world tend to change from one brand to another, due to the differences in the model and look as well as other features. Cultural Issues In Strategic New management and corporations In order to position them in the global market, Daimler Benz has acquired American Chrysler. Accordingly, the sudden acquisition of Daimler Benz to Chrysler has happened because most of the leaders and the management of Chrysler have chosen to retire or leave. Aside from this, most of the functions and operations of the Daimler have been moved to Germany. Consequently, due to this decision the new automotive industry has encountered different cultural issues due to the cultural diversity. One of the most essential determinant and attributes to consider is the organisational cultural determinant and attributes. Consequently, it can be considered that since Daimler and Chrysler was based in different countries with different culture (Germany and America), these automotive industries have some cultural variations, diversities and differences. Though the automotive industry does not almanners hire new staffs and management, the standards of the corporation including its beliefs, practices and purpose, can powerfully affect the staffs and management and its managements. Relevant studies have claimed that strong cultures help the generation as well as maintenance of corporations competitive edge and stability. In the case of Daimler and its acquisition with a new corporation, it can consider that due to the cultural diversities and differences, the diversity management has not been successful. Due to their diversities, both automotive industries have lacked commitment with the Cultural diversity management. With this, many on the German staffs and staffs and management from Daimler saw this acquisition as a temporary determinant and attribute; hence, they did not even bother of improving relationship with their American counterpart. The cultural consequences become specifically apparent in cross national operations, mergers as well as acquisitions, where not only diverse corporate cultures but also corporate cultures rooted in various national cultures meet like in what happened with Daimler. The inability of the staffs and management to comprehend the culture of each other has lead to disruptive tensions which affects the new management of both automotive industries. These have been described in terms of the concepts of acculturative stress or culture clashes. The dilemmas mostly result from the introduction of new management approaches that are incongruent with the values underlying the emerging practices, which happens in Daimler and Chrysler. Even both automotive industries have been aware of the cultural diversity between German Engineering and Cowboy Independence, both companies often compromised instead of considering digital decisions. Accordingly, cultural clashes happen because there are no clear guidelines and roles in the industry about who had accountabilities and who not. Research and development units have been separated for a long time. Issues happened because of the inability of the management to fulfill one of the crucial aspects. Since it is part of the business cultures in German to give commands instead of discussing it with other members, the managers from Germany have decided in most cases, leaving the management of the acqu ired corporation staggered. Figure 3 Alternative Solution From the definition of change management and organizational cultural, the relation between the two have become very significance, particularly, the management of change in a corporation may involve changes in terms of practices, leadership, technology as well as operations of the corporation. These determinants on the other hand are founded by the conventional culture, values and beliefs of the corporation. They are then greatly affected by the corporations culture. Hence, bringing about transitions and modifications to these activities will not be efficient if the core values or culture of the corporation is not identified first. Understanding that the original principles that make these corporation functions work will then make change implementation easier and more efficient. As mentioned by Ramsey (2004) various management principles that are part of a corporations culture, should be taken into consideration for change management. generally these principles consider and involve values such as ethics, trust and loyalty, communication, leadership which include subsidiary, delegation, accountability, self-management) involvement which considers participative and consultative decision-making and work procedures which considers task integrity, work-based management, client-focus, maximization of variable skills, learning. In considering changes in the corporation, management should be able to understand what relations should be observed between the management as well as employees as well as among colleagues. In this regard, the employees will be able to comprehend their responsibilities contributions to the changes planned by the corporation. This will also enable in maintaining harmonious relations among the personnel and employees despite the introduction of changes. The leadership principle is also essential as this will enable Daimler to identify the approach that will be relevant to the issues in terms of cultural differences. Within the context of the automotive industries, globalisation trends have lead to excessive competition between and among industries that adhere to the demands and requirements on car and automotive products and services. In this regard, it can be sad that the multi-level and large-scale operations among automotive industries like Daimler led to the formation of new business approaches that regards the entirety of the conventional business processes. The search for continuous as well as sustainable developments, increased client satisfaction, and faster return on investments as well as the issues and considerations regarding cultural, differences, Cultural diversity management, shorter product life cycle, innovation, and more sophisticated client specifications needed and mostly the issues of cultural diversities needed the call for extensive change management of business goals as well as performance objectives to be able to meet the demands of the existing market economies along wi th aims to gain competitive edge and stability over industry competitors. In this regard, more and more automotive industries try to stay in the competitive environment by considering the management of cultural diversities in the industries. Cultural diversity management have been recognised to be one of the strategic manners in business operation growth as well as expansion in the global market. In line with the technique and approach of automotive industries, it can be considered that the used of Cultural diversity management to be able to solve the issues of cultural differences because of the collaborative venture or merger and acquisition which has been considered by Daimler with Chrysler. Cultural diversity management facilitates automotive industries to grow both internally and externally because through this Cultural diversity management, the partnerships of the family of the acquired automotive industry have increased, not only in its local operation but also in global environment. In addition, through the efficient use of Cultural diversity management, DaimlerChrysler acquisition, are able to gain competitive edge and stability among its rival automotive industry. Competitive edge and stability only arises from establishing differentiation. Although this Cultural diversity management have been successful, there are some essential determinant and attributes which the management of automotive industries can be considered when going into a Cultural diversity management. It can be considered that creating a successful Cultural diversity management between two automotive industries should be able to concentrate on logistical planning as well as operational integration. Unlike local and national corporations, global Cultural diversity management are tasked with higher accountabilities which made them highly accountable to every decision as well as policy they make. The vast influence as well as significant implications of the decisions as well as laws that result from intensive deliberations of member representatives of the World Bank and the World Trade Corporation are normally faced with cultural challenges that threaten the stability as well as sustainability ty of the Cultural diversity management which subsequently may lead to complex realisation of the goals of the corporation. The dilemmas and issues which arise from differing cultural interpretation should be in the reality of consistent evaluation and adjustment. Resolving immediately the differences which hinders the effective and efficient function of global Cultural diversity management should be crucially reviewed in order to promote development as well as growth of every member. Conclusion The context of Cultural diversity management as one of organizational approaches to reach efficient organizational culture, may be assessed in different underlying determinants; these include the objectives of the Cultural diversity management, the logic as well as the technique and approach used for the Cultural diversity management and cultural diversity. The predictability of Cultural diversity management in considering the increasing automotive competition addresses the situation and considerations that industries must give consideration onto before considering Cultural diversity management. In the case of automotive industry such as Daimler, the automotive industry can consider cultural diversity managements to stay in the competitive market and perform better within the global market environment with harmonious and smooth relationship with the staffs, by giving innovative and new products in terms with automotives and car manufacturing through the ideas that the management gain due to Cultural diversity management with other automotive industries. It presents that without such technique and approach, the automotive industry may not be able to expand its business portfolio and solve the issue of cultural diversity. It can be concluded that Cultural diversity management, along with the contexts of strategic management and other efficient marketing technique, can make a automotive industry to succeed in achieving its goal of providing quality products with their target audience and ensuring good corporate or organizational culture all throughout.