Robin Williams Committed Suicide On August 11th 2014

1) Robin WIlliams committed suicide on August 11th 2014. I heard the news all over facebook and I was devastated because he was part of my childhood. He played the role as Peter Pan in the movie Hook and I loved it. I watched that movie more than once. Another favorite movie he starred in was What Dreams May Come as he played a role of a grieving husband who lost his wife to suicide. He played that role really well. Robin Williams character as a comedian made him seem like a happy person and people loved being around him. I believe he covered up his pain by making people laugh, but deep down inside he wasn t happy at all. My research on Robin Williams was heart breaking because I was able to figure out why he might have committed†¦show more content†¦Celebrities have the luxury to buy whatever they want and sometimes they spend it on drugs. What happens? they get addicted to drugs and get caught up in their luxurious lifestyle that they forget to appreciate the value of life. We know that Robin WIlliams was a celebrity icon and he had the fame and fortune. Robin Williams suicide reflects on the struggles of his everyday life. He struggled in, relationships with his family, substance abuse, his health, and career.. 2) Robin Williams was survived by his father Robert, a Ford Motor executive and mother Laurie, a former model. Robin was the only child and had a formal upbringing. Joan Rivers who was Robin s TV chat companion says, He came from an upper-middle class family, very educated, very well read, very knowledgeable about everything, about literature. Robin WIlliams parents were always absent and he was a lonely child. He had an enormous collection of toys and he was raised by their family maids. Believe it or not, Robin was shy and broke out of his shell when he joined the drama society in high school (paraphrase, Time). According to Rolling Stone magazine, Robin Williams was struggled in his marriages. He had two failed marriages and married to the third,

Movie Analysis The Hatchet - 1480 Words

Castaway The movie Castaway was released in 22nd of December 2000 first in USA and was made by a director called Robert Zemeckis. The hatchet is the first book from the Hatchet series written by Gary Paulsen. The book was first written in 1989 and it is still one of the famous book among younger readers. Both of the text have many similarities relating to the setting, characteristics but also many differences. The movie castaway is about a main character called Chuck Noland who gets stuck in an island after a plane crash. At the start of the film, Chunk who was working for the Federal Express was living a paced life, obsessed with time and observed in his job. He also had a fiancà © called Kelly and was soon to be married. While Chunk was†¦show more content†¦Brian decides to keep him alive until the rescue plane comes. However, after the rescue plane passes him, he gives up on the hope to go back where he was. Chunk tried to escape with the rescue boat he had however he finds out that it is futile and he realised how isolated he was when he looked down at the island from the highest point of the island. Even though the weather was capricious, there wasn’t much water or food, Brian and Chunk never gave up for the same reasons, FAMILY. For both Brian and Chunk, there was something that was given to them before they left which gave them perseverance and hope. The pocket watch was given to Chunk as a Christmas present from Kelly just before he left. The pocket watch had one of Chunk’s favourite photo of Kelly and was passed down from her grandfather making it more valuable. Every night before Chunk went to sleep, he would look at the photo of Kelly, reminding himself that there is someone waiting for him back in his town. Although the hatchet given from Brian’s mother to him wasn’t as emotional to him, it made him stay alive for 54 days. The hatchet was given to Brian from his mother as a small present to take with him but if he didn’t receive the hatchet he wouldn’t have been able to survive in the wild. Isolation and loneliness is one of the main themes when it comes to surviving in an isolatedShow MoreRelated The American Dream and College Essay5160 Words   |  21 Pagesadmissions game works and how to solve this equation. A profitable university to try and examine is The George Washington University in Washington D.C., as this is the university that I am currently attending. This university is profitable for analysis, as it serves as a model for how distorted admissions are. 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Write a short essay that weighs the pros and cons and then comes to a decision about whether there should be more or less public celebration (by Americans and their institutions) on ColumbusRead MoreAutobilography of Zlatan Ibrahimovic116934 Words   |  468 Pagesweak and could easily be get tackled, and I learned cool stuff all the time. I had to. Or else I wouldn’t get any â€Å"wow’s†, nothing that triggered me, and often I slept with the ball and thought of new tricks I would do the next day. It was like a movie that kept on going. My first club was MBI, Malmà ¶ Boll och idrottsfà ¶rening. I was six years when I started there. Vi played on gravel behind a couple of green barracks, and I biked to the training on stolen bikes and wasn’t always that well behaved

The War Against Argumentative Essay Samples Bulk

The War Against Argumentative Essay Samples Bulk What is Really Going on with Argumentative Essay Samples Bulk An excellent communication essay must also have the role of supplying information whenever required. The use of contemporary gadgets has caused laziness which then is causing physical deterioration. Among the most prevalent issues in our world today is the matter of deforestation. There isn't a single area of human activity where gadgets aren't utilized. No matter what type of essay you're writing, a strong plan will allow you to have a larger impact. As an example, let's say if you're writing about language history essay than you might have to to incorporate all of the information concerning the history language on earth no matter any specific region while in specific language history essay, you would chat about history of the language of a certain region. Essentially anything that should be understood before reading the remainder of the essay is background info, a nd ought to be included in the introduction. Even when you're writing an informative essay, it's still true that you have the job of attempting to convince your audience that the info is vital. As a writer, using logos ought to be primary, should appear throughout the essay, and it's the ideal approach to convince a person to adopt a specific stance on any matter. If do not have any urge to waste time on choosing the best topic and writing the entire argumentative essay from scratch, don't forget you've a loyal group of professionals by your side. It is extremely easy to learn the practice of writing a college essay. Students should pick a compelling topic to impress the audience together with their teachers. Inspiration to make your own advertising or media argumentative essay topics isn't challenging to discover. By obeying the above-given hints you will readily accomplish an impactful argumentative essay. A prosperous introduction has the ability to give a review of the information which the readers will be receiving in the essay. Obviously, how assertive you're in your thesis and the content you decide to include depends upon the sort of argumentative essay you're writing. Therefore, either you wish to learn more about how to compose an essay, or you desire some essay writing services or even in case you would like to go through some sample essays, then just refer to WritingBest and all of your requirements will be fulfilled whenever possible. There are a few specific elements which are necessary in an argumentative essay. An argumentative essay requires you to choose a topic and have a position on it. Before concluding the essay, it is important to summarise with a strong emphasis on the subject. After you've given yourself a good foundation to work with, you can start to craft your essay. In order to supply an in-depth understanding about the argumentative essay, it is wise to take a look at some of the greatest examples of argumentative essay. The structure of the essay is still the exact same generally in the majority of the kinds of essays. By now you're probably inclined to find a fantastic argumentative essay outline template. An essay may have a lot of intentions, but the fundamental structure of all form of essays will be same. An argumentative essay is among the many academic essay types. An argumentative essay presents either side of a problem. Deforestation is believed to be directly linked to the matter of global warming. Argumentative essays utilize logic, facts, and reasoning to influence the victor. Besides, keep in mind that the secret to a thriving argumentative essay is in finding good evidence to back up your opinion. A great argumentative essay is going to be based on established or new research instead of only on your ideas and feelings. It should have a specific statement that is arguing.

Anxiety Is Reaction To Fearful Or Stressfulâ€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Anxiety Is Reaction To Fearful Or Stressful? Answer: Introduction Anxiety is a reaction to a fearful or stressful circumstance and might also occur due to illness. In most cases, the symptoms of anxiety are short-lived and may not affect normal function. Excessive anxiety might cause irrational thinking, behaviour problem and sleep problems. Sleep disorders are caused by several other factors other than anxiety. Studies link anxiety to environmental and genetic factors. This scholarly paper is based on a case study of DF who is experiencing nightmares due to anxiety after being involved in an accident. It will describe the aetiology and pathophysiology of anxiety and sleep disorder and the diagnostic tools available. Additionally, the study will discuss agents available for the treatment of anxiety and sleep disorder. Finally, the paper will propose reasonable management strategies for DF. Aetiology The initiation and expression of anxiety are linked to genetic, environmental, and psychosocial factors. Even though empirical evidence links the occurrence of anxiety to genes, no definitive gene has been identified as being the causative factor for anxiety disorder (1). Anxiety might run in the family, which increases the chances of being inherited. Environmental stresses that might cause anxiety include exposure to life stressors or breakup of an important relationship. Stress might play a fundamental role in the expression and progression of anxiety. The inability to cope with stressful events might increase the chances of stress in some individuals. Childhood trauma is another environmental factor that can cause anxiety. Physical disorders, use or withdrawal of a drug are all risk factors for anxiety disorder. Physical disorders that can cause anxiety are heart disorders, hormonal disorders and lung disorders. A variety of drugs have been linked to the increased risk of developing anxiety. Some of the most critical drugs in the occurrence of anxiety are alcohol, caffeine, cocaine and prescription drugs like corticosteroids (2). An individual who withdrawal from sedatives or alcohol has a risk of presenting with anxiety disorders like restlessness. Psychodynamic theory is the first theory that attempts to explain the aetiology of anxiety. Psychodynamic theory elucidates anxiety as a conflict between ego and id. Natural impulsive and aggressive drives might be experienced as unacceptable leading to repression. The repressed drives might break through repression and cause automatic anxiety. Another theory that attempts to explain the aetiology of anxiety is a cognitive theory. According to cognitive theory, anxiety is the propensity to elevate the possibility of danger. As such, patients presenting with anxiety disorders tend to avoid the events and places they think are dangerous. For instance, they avoid heights and crowds (3). Pathophysiology Key brain parts including the amygdala and thalamus play a vital role in the occurrence of anxiety disorders. These parts of the brain create the important prerequisites of the nervous detection and response system. Thalamus offers the first real processing part to organise sensory data gotten from the surrounding. The thalamus transmits information to cortical centres for processing and then to amygdala for assessment of highly charged emotional information. It is the amygdala that offers emotional valence (1). The interaction of these two parts allows the organism to act swiftly on intricate but important events. An event or stimulus becomes an anxiety if the activity of fear-response network results in maladaptive distress or behaviour. Thus, some events might not be interpreted as anxiety. Besides, neurotransmitters play an important role in the occurrence and expression of anxiety. The symptoms of anxiety are also evident due to the interaction of the brain, peptides and neurotransmitters. Dopamine, serotonin and norepinephrine are some of the major mediators of anxiety disorder symptoms. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) has also been characterised by its involvement in the expression of anxiety (2). A sequence of reactions occurs before the symptoms of anxiety are expressed. The hypothalamus receives signals from the amygdala. The signals influence the nervous system to impact heart rate and blood pressure as well as stress-associated changes. The amygdala further affects the HPA axis resulting in the secretion of stress hormones. One of the most important stress hormones that are secreted is the cortisol (4). Cortisol can damage the brain if it is escalated for extended periods. Apart from the brain, cortisol might also damage other vital body organs. This aspect expl ains why anxiety should be addressed early. The knowledge on how amygdala influences the fear response is important because it offers valuable targets for current pharmacological treatments. Diagnostic tools General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) The GAD-7 is an effective tool for detecting general anxiety disorder in primary care patients. There is also a short version of the GAD-7 which is the GAD-2. The GAD-2 comprises of two questions that test whether a patient has anxiety. The self-reporting questionnaire enables the expeditious detection of GAD. Clients are asked whether they have been troubled by any anxiety associated issue in the last two weeks and answer seven questions on a 4-point scale (5). GAD-7 is applied due to its sensitivity. Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) The BAI diagnostic tool consists of 21 items that measure the severity of anxiety. The 21 items describe different signs of anxiety that occur in the general public. Patients are requested to rate how much they are disturbed by symptoms of anxiety in the last one week. This diagnostic tool uses a four-point scale from zero to three. Individuals whose scores are above 21 points are deemed to have symptoms of anxiety. BAI is effective for evaluating the severity of different anxiety disorders such as social phobia, panic disorder (6). DSM-IV-TR diagnostic tool DSM-IV-TR is used to diagnose generalised anxiety disorder and is organised into a 5-part axial system (7). Axis one consists of clinical disorders commonly accompanied with mental disorders. Axis two comprises of intellectual disabilities as well as personality disorders. The other axes comprise of environmental, psychosocial, medical and childhood factors. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) The HADS has two independent scales, one for depression and one for anxiety. The design of this tool aims to prevent content overlap. Even though this tool offers great psychometric scale for the two scales, the distinction of the scales is determined by the participants of the study. This tool has a simple design, yet it is reliable. The use of the term hospital suggests that the tool is suitable for hospital settings alone. However, HADS has been successfully used in settings outside hospital such as in the community and primary care settings (8). Treatment Pharmacotherapy and non-pharmacotherapy are the main approaches to the management and treatment of anxiety. The treatments of anxiety are personalised based on the symptoms of the patient, health status, age, comorbid and preferences. Pharmacotherapy Prescription drugs that are used for managing general anxiety disorders are hydroxyzine, buspirone, benzodiazepines, pregabalin, benzodiazepines and antidepressants (9). Antidepressants are more preferred than benzodiazepines for the management of general anxiety disorder because their side effects are tolerable and lack risk of dependency. They are also efficient in managing comorbid conditions. However, benzodiazepines are the most effective drugs in managing the symptoms of anxiety in the short-term (1). Benzodiazepines are the most effective drugs for the management of anxiety symptoms in the short-term. Individuals who are experiencing sleep disturbances can control the problem using benzodiazepines. In case a patient has anxiety symptoms but does not present with depression symptoms, they are advised to use pregabalin and buspirone. Even though hydroxyzine is effective in managing anxiety disorders, it is unsuitable for in the long-term because of its side effects. Non-pharmacologic therapy Stress management, exercises, psychoeducation and psychotherapy, are classified as non-pharmacological therapy (1). Education is designed to address relevant information on general anxiety disorder as well as its management. The most effective education advises patients to withdraw stimulants. They are informed how to avoid alcohol, caffeine and diet pills. Cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) is an effective psychological therapy for patients with general anxiety disorder (10). In the short-term, CBT focuses on educating clients how to resume the activities they have been avoiding due to anxiety. Most patients with anxiety have reported success after using CBT. Sleep Disorder Aetiology Sleep disorders increase with age and are common among adults. The most common types of sleep disorders are insomnia, sleep-related breathing disorders and restless legs syndrome (RLS) (11). The causes of sleep disorders can be classified as psychological, medical and environmental. People with sleep disorders always exhibit or complain about concomitant signs such as daytime sleepiness. In some cases, a bed partner might detect hallmark symptoms of sleep disturbances. Medical conditions Congestive heart failure and ischemia are the cardiac conditions that might result in the occurrence of sleep disorder. Besides, neurological illnesses such as dementia, stroke, peripheral nerve damage and degenerative conditions may lead to disordered sleep. Endocrine problems impacting sleep are associated with menopause, hyperthyroidism as well as pregnancy. Pulmonary illnesses such as COPD and asthma have been linked to disordered sleep (12). Several gastrointestinal conditions are also responsible for the occurrence of sleep disorder. Various substances such as caffeine and alcohol may cause insomnia. Psychiatric conditions Most psychiatric disorders tend to co-occur with other medical conditions. Depression is among the medical conditions that cause alterations to the normal sleep patterns. Empirical evidence suggests that about 40 percent of the people with depression also have insomnia. Likewise, PTSD and anxiety disorders increase the risk of sleep disturbances (13). Even the prescribed drugs that are used to manage these psychiatric conditions increase the chances of sleep disorder. For instance, antidepressants tend to interfere with normal sleep pattern. Environmental conditions Certain environmental factors might predispose an individual to sleep disturbances. Life-threatening events have been found to cause insomnia. The work structure including shifts and working hours might result in changes in altitude. Environmental noise and extremely warm temperatures might lead to sleep deprivation (14). Pathophysiology Sleep is influenced and controlled by the suprachiasmatic nucleus in the brain. This nucleus control circadian rhythm. Sleep is divided into two main categories depending on muscle contractions and movement of the eyes. The first type of sleep is rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep. REM sleep is characterised by the movement of eyes and dreaming, but the body is always paralysed. The second type of sleep is Non-REM (NREM) sleep (15). This type of sleep comprises of stages one to four. Stage one is a transition point between wake and sleep. People get a lot of sleep in stage two. The other two stages, three and four are clustered together and termed as deep sleep or delta sleep. Distractions in the patterns of REM or NREM sleep occur in individuals who develop sleep disorders. There are intricate sequences of biological processes that influence the sleep-wake cycles. The suprachiasmatic nucleus that has been mentioned in a previous paragraph is considered to be the bodys anatomical timekeeper. This nucleus is responsible for the secretion of melatonin, which occurs after every 24 hours (16). When subjected to bright light, pineal gland releases low amounts of melatonin. Thus, the level of this secretion is low during the daytime. Some neurotransmitters play a fundamental role in sleep. These neurotransmitters are serotonin, norepinephrine and acetylcholine. Conversely, dopamine is linked to wakefulness (14). Other neurotransmitters that are associated with wakefulness are hypocretin, histamine and substance P. It is evident that cognitive, physiologic and cortical arousal is critical in the pathophysiology of sleep disorders. Diagnostic tools Various tools are used to diagnose sleeping disorders. The primary tool that is used to diagnose sleep disorders is a polysomnography (PSG). This tool records electroencephalogram (EEG), electromyogram (EMG), electrooculogram (EOG) and electrocardiogram (ECG) (17). Other aspects that are recorded include oximetry, airflow, abdominal and thoracic movements. The onset of sleep, sleep levels, arousal, eye movements, heart rhythm, respiratory effort and arrhythmias are also recorded. ECG is useful for detecting phenotyping and apnoea sleep sections. It is also useful for rhythm measurements and HR. PSG can be used to monitor sleep at home (18). Daytime sleep is also monitored to determine the extent of sleep disorder in a patient. However, daytime sleep might be monitored when the patient manifests significant symptoms of sleep disorders. Multiple sleep latency tests (MSLT) and maintenance of wakefulness test (MWT) are the primary techniques for measuring daytime sleep (1). Epworth Sleep iness Scale (ESS) is another tool that is used to assess sleepiness. The ESS comprises of a simple questionnaire that forecasts subjective sleepiness. Treatment Non-pharmacological Losing weight is among the most effective non-pharmacological techniques of managing sleep apnea (19). Patients are guided to set goals for weight loss, which might entail daily exercises and diet management. Some patient with sleep disorders might be sleepwalkers. Providers may establish approaches to alleviate the problem of sleepwalking in these patients. This approach would also prevent the risk of getting hurt at night. Another treatment method is light-phase shift therapy. This therapy is appropriate for sleep disorders linked to circadian rhythm abnormalities. The sleep pattern can be normalised by exposing patients to bright light (14). Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is another treatment technique that is widely used for sleep disorders. Specifically, CBT is used for the treatment of insomnia. However, CBT is only effective in the short-term and might not be effective in some patients. One study involving 160 adults experiencing insomnia revealed that CBT is effective. The patients exhibited substantial recovery in time wake and sleep latency (20). The combination of CBT with other treatments such as zolpidem is more effective than CBT alone. The recent treatments comprise the use of software programs to record sleep behaviour and cycles. This non-pharmacological therapy entails wearing a wrist band or motion detection technology integrated into a smartphone. The software program gathers information that can be used to determine quality and duration of sleep (14). The information can be used to suggest methods of refreshing the sleep. A device can even include an alarm that is designed to prevent disturbing the patient from sleep. Pharmacological therapy Different medications have been introduced to treat sleep disorders. Drug therapy is mainly used to manage sleep disturbances in the short-term. Hypnotic drugs are recommended for short-term use such as two weeks. Nevertheless, for patients with chronic insomnia, hypnotic drugs may be used for long, but monitoring is needed to make sure patients use drugs appropriately. Hypnotic drugs also have addictive effects (21). Chloral hydrate is occasionally used due to safety concerns and undesirable side effects. Over-the-counter drugs have also been adopted for the management of sleep disorders. These include drugs that inhibit the histamine type 1 receptor. Over-the-counter drugs are less costly and assist certain patients to address sleep disorders. Patients should use such drugs with precaution because of their anticholinergic properties. Besides, many of these medicines take long to act, and their sedative impacts persist for more than one day. The most current drugs for treating sleep disorders are zaleplon and zolpidem. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approve these two drugs. FDA has also recommended eszopiclone for long-term use in the treatment of insomnia. These drugs have been approved due to their effectiveness and low risk of adverse side effects. Other drugs that have been approved by FDA are Tasimelteon and Suvorexant (14). These drugs are administered based on the condition of the patient, efficacy and prosperity to induce side effects. Management strategies for DF DF can use both pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions to get better sleep. The patient started experiencing sleep disturbances after an accident. Thus, the treatment approaches should not interfere with her current condition of DF. Counseling will be important for DF to sleep better. Counseling DF should first consider her diet as well as physical activity. No specific diet can be used to manage insomnia. However, DF should avoid large portions of meals and spicy foods at least three hours before proceeding to sleep. DF should keep away items that result in sleep disturbance like caffeine and alcohol. Caffeine is contained in certain drinks such as coffee and tea and should be avoided late in the day. Alcohol which is contained in alcoholic drinks might create the illusion of better sleep, but it negatively impacts sleep architecture. Nicotine, which can be compared with caffeine is a stimulant and should be avoided few hours before sleep time (22). A good practice for DF is to avoid taking these substances in the afternoon because their stimulating effect might persist into the night. DF can consume foods that contain tryptophan because they have higher chances of inducing sleep. An example of good food is warm milk. Additionally, DF can embrace relaxation techniques just before bedtime (23). DF should exercise daily to improve her condition. Evidence suggests that strenuous exercises during the day might lead to comfortable sleep. DF should avoid strenuous exercises at least three hours before bedtime. Such exercises might result in initial insomnia. The client should avoid any stimulating activity three hours before bedtime. For instance, DF should avoid tense movies and thrillers. The patient should further embrace a regular sleeping and waking time. She should avoid naps because they can have an adverse impact on her sleeping patterns. In case, DF starts struggling to sleep she should get up and wait for sleep to come (14). Medication The best medication for DF to get better sleep is zolpidem. The duration of action of zolpidem is six to eight hours, and the daily dose range is five to ten mg. Several specific reasons make zolpidem appropriate for DF. The pathway for the drug is oxidation and has short-moderate duration (24). Zolpidem has no impact on sleep architecture and is has the potential of sedation. Conclusion Sleep disorders and anxiety are normal occurrences that are prevalent in the society. These problems tend to disappear after a short time, but they might be long-lived in some patients. As indicated in the case study, anxiety might lead to sleep disturbances. Early detection and treatment of sleep disorders and anxiety are needed to prevent significant adverse outcomes. Both pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments have been found effective for managing these problems. DF is advised to modify her lifestyle and use zolpidem to get better sleep. References Chisholm-Burns M, Schwinghammer T, Wells B, Malone P, Kolesar L, JT D. Pharmacotherapy: Principles Practice. 3rd ed.: McGraw Hill; 2013. Greist JH. Overview of Anxiety Disorders. [Online].; 2017 [cited 2017 8 28. Available from: https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/mental-health-disorders/anxiety-and-stress-related-disorders/overview-of-anxiety-disorders.Bhatt NV, Baker MJ. Anxiety Disorders. [Online].; 2017 [cited 2017 8 28. Available from: https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/286227-overview#a5.Chen Y, Lyga J. Brain-Skin Connection: Stress, Inflammation and Skin Aging. Inflammation Allergy-Drug Targets (Formerly Current Drug Targets-Inflammation Allergy). 2014 June; 13(3): p. 177-190.Seo JG, Park SP. Validation of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and GAD-2 in patients with migraine. The journal of headache and pain. 2015 November; 16(1): p. 97.Muntingh A, van der Feltz-Cornelis C, van Marwijk H, Spinhoven P, Penninx B, van Balkom A. Is the Beck Anxiety Inventory a good tool to assess the severity of anxiety? A primary care study in the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA). BMC family practi ce. 2011 June; 12(1): p. 66.Creswell C, Waite P, Cooper PJ. Assessment and management of anxiety disorders in children and adolescents. Archives of disease in childhood. 2014 Jully; 99(7): p. 674-678.Aseri ZAA, Suriya MO, Hassan HA, Hasan M, Sheikh SA, Tamimi AA, et al. Reliability and validity of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale in an emergency department in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional observational study. Bmc emergency medicine. 2015 October; 15(1): p. 28.Huh J, Goebert D, Takeshita J, Lu BY, Kang M. Treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: a comprehensive review of the literature for psychopharmacologic alternatives to newer antidepressants and benzodiazepines. The Primary Care Companion to CNS Disorders. 2011; 13(2): p. PCC.08r00709

Falling Leaves By Adeline Yen Essays - Adeline Yen Mah, Adeline

Falling Leaves By Adeline Yen The Irreverence of Female Independence in China For years, the world has been oblivious to the painful, degrading traditions toward women that take place behind the Bamboo Curtain of China. Falling Leaves , by Adeline Yen Mah, unveils the darker side of Chinese culture through her eyes as an unwanted Chinese daughter. Shocking mistreatment, of not only the author, but also the females in her extended family keep suspense alive throughout the book. My heart sobs at each account of Adelines tortured life, but through it all, there was a flicker of her spirit that could not be put out. In China, girls are seen as a possession or a cheap commodity (Yen Mah 100). Sons, especially the eldest, are given far more attention and praise. Families that are well off keep their daughters and marry them off to prominent families sons through a marriage broker (mei-po). Rich daughters often had their feet bound, a process by which the four lateral toes of the foot are forced with a bandage under the sole so that only the big toe protruded. (It was) tightened daily for a number of years (so as to) permanently arrest the foots growth in order to achieve tiny feet so prized by Chinese men (Yen Mah 11). Their inability to walk with ease is a symbol of submissiveness, weakness, and wealth. This tradition is becoming more rare, but still many older women bear its pain today. Adelines grandmother went against these traditions by not torturing her own daughter in such an inhumane way. Daughters of poorer families could only wish for such a life of weakness and delicate manner. These gi rls often become maids, waitresses, or prostitutes. Street girls play a vital role in the three vices common to Chinese men: opium, gambling, and brothels (Yen Mah 7). In my opinion, the treatment of women is the greatest difference between Eastern and Western culture. As Western culture has advanced to bring more rights to women, the traditional ways of China have become a sore thumb on the hand of the world. Even as an Eastern girl ages, she still has little hope for her own independence. Adelines grandmother was told by her father these words of shuttering reality: Your duty is to please him and your in-laws. Bear them many sons. Subliminate your own desires. Become the willing piss-pot and spittoon of the Yens and we will be proud of you. (Yen Mah 10) Though women give up their entire lives to their husband and children, it is still widely accepted by their culture to have multiple concubines (mistresses). In the book, Adelines grandfather was defiant to pressure to have a concubine serve him (Yen Man 14), and this disapproval of the social norm was not to be believed by others. Confucius had professed that only ignorant women were virtuous, and it is by this ideal that many families in China think. Throughout the book, Adeline defies tradition by going to college (out of the country) and then moving on to medical school. Her self- will to try to please her father is mainly a need to b e more like her brothers who were adored by the family. Adelines fight for acceptance, admiration, and personal success could not be achieved in the sexist society of China or the Westernized Hong Kong. Her many attempts to return to the motherland to shine for her family and country only discouraged her and remind her that there is no place for her achievement in the ancient hearts and minds of the Chinese people. At the peak of Adelines youth in China, Westerners amazed and intrigued the Chinese, including Adelines father. She was sent to Catholic boarding schools and taught English. Business was booming in Hong Kong, especially with trade with the United States. Father adopted ambiguous notions about his own race, he, like many Chinese had come to see Westerners as taller, cleverer, stronger, and better (Yen Mah 29). Adeline strived to be a model child, but it was unheard of for a Chinese girl to have Western success. This double standard was one of many at this time. Her success as a physician meant

ZARA IT for Fast Fashion Essays

ZARA IT for Fast Fashion Essays ZARA IT for Fast Fashion Paper ZARA IT for Fast Fashion Paper ZARA IT for Fast Fashion ( Case Analysis) 1) Please describe three most important competitive advantages of ZARA (Inditex) over its main competitor. How sustainable is this advantage? 2) Assume that ZARA is considering to enter the US market. Please recommend actions for ZARA. Please make clear assumptions when necessary. After reading and analyzing the Zara case we came several conclusions when it comes to Zaras competitive advantage over its competitors. We understood that Zara is using totally distinctive business model compared to other more traditional fashion etailers. In our opinion there are three most important advantages that Zara has over its competitors. These are : IT Software/internal information flow, Factory locations/Geographic placement, Just in Time approach. We believe that these three factor are the main determinants when it comes to Zaras strong current position on the market. Below I will go more in detail and explain every single factor individually. Software/internal information flow First factor which gives Zara competitive advantage according to me is their software. The fact that all the software (PDA) used currently by Zara is developed by them gives them huge competitive advantage. Having the software developed internally makes it much more efficient and user friendly because it is compatible with the companies daily operations. Everything starting from the operational procedures, performance measures, and even office and store layouts are designed to make information flow simple. Making the internal information flow faster and more efficient is one of the key success factors for Inditex. The fact that all the stores are directly connected to the main system which in ollects all the data is a great way for analyzing things that are going on in different stores. But all in all we would say that this factor is not a sustainable advantage. Everyone can copy the system or even create their own. The issue might be cost of RD connected to development of such a system. But if we are talking about Zaras main competitors it is fully possible. Manufacturing and Distribution (Factory locations/Geographic placement) The firm has built its highly developed strategy around consumer trends and embracing the fast-changing tastes of its customers. The fashion industry is a fast changing industry with new trends appearing on daily basis. Zara produces their clothing to have a short wear span (10 wears) forcing consumers to need to purchase more designs sooner. This ensures a high competitive edge for Zara in product respond to this fast changing trends Zara has developed a highly responsive supply chain based mainly on internal communication. They have a fast production and distribution strategy that allows them to offer the latest fashions in less than two weeks. It is very important to mention that Zara manufactures its products on all the ontinents. The manufacturing is divided between Spain where around 50% of Zaras products are manufactured, rest of Europe where 26% are manufactured and the remaining 24% is outsourced to the Asian and African countries. So what is so special about this division of manufacturing ? Well firstly we have to look at the costs of production. The cost of production in Northwest Spain (wages are relatively low/ unemployment high 17%) or northern Portugal are significantly lower than in other countries around Europe. The products which have longer shelf life like sweatpants, inglets or t-shirts are outsourced to Asia, while the fashionable product with constantly changing trends are produces in Portuguese and Spanish factories. Because of the strategic location of the factories in Europe Zara is able to produce and transport much bigger amounts of products to their stores in much shorter amount of time. Zaras new designs can get into stores in as little as two weeks. Compared to Zaras competitors who need to wait for their new inventory for around two months. Also when it comes to designs Zara outclass its competitors by roducing up to 11,000 distinct items annually while key competitors produce between 2,000 and 4,000. We also have to keep in mind that Zara is Just a fashion imitator. This makes it less time consuming when it comes to creating new trends and designs. Zara Just copies whatever is out there on the market and sells it for much lower cost. We believe that Manufacturing and Distribution is Zaras main competitive advantage which can remain sustainable. Why ? I believe that because of the economics of scale and companys current passion on the market. Even if any of Inditexs big competitors would try to copy this system, they would lose significant part of the market share because it would be very expensive and time consuming transitional process. On the other hand the barriers to entry for the newcomers are just way to high to even compete on any level with companies like Zara. Just in Time Approach There is little inventory anywhere in the Zaras supply chain because Zara uses the JIT approach. Zara has pioneered its operations, which enables the constant introduction of new items in short lead times. A little bit about Just in Time01T) roduction used by Zara. JIT is a production method that strives to increase return on investment, reducing inventory and associated carrying costs. The JIT process relies on signals, also called Kanban. It tells production when to make the next part for the production process. Usually Kanban is placed as tickets but it can also be a simple visual signals. E. g. presence or absence of a part on a shelf. Kanban is a system to control the logistical chain from a production point of view, and is not an inventory control system. When JIT is Implemented correctly like in the case of Zara it focuses n continuous improvement and it can improve a businesses return on investment, quality, and eliminating non-value added activities. In order to achieve continuous and employee involvement. Inventory is seen as incurring costs, or waste, which do not create any value added. Just-in-time encourages businesses to eliminate non- value added activities that does not compensate for manufacturing process issues, and it helps to constantly work towards improving those processes to achieve less inventory. In short, the Just-in-Time inventory system focus is having the right aterial, at the right time, at the right place, and in the exact amount, without the safety net of inventory. Strategic decisions for a company (Zara) that are supported based on JIT: Increase profit margin by skipping retailers (online sales) Create price premium product based on JIT Eliminate non-value added activities (cut costs) Zara entering the US market If Zara was planning to enter the US Market they would have to do a lot of strategic preparation. The system which they have In Europe would not work in US because of the geographic location of the United States. The supply system would not be efficient enough since the products would have to be shipped all the way from Europe or Asia. As the result of that Zara would not be able to switch their inventory each two weeks. The lead times would change. We believe that the best solution would be to copy the European business model. What do we mean by that? Part of Zaras success is the geographic position of its factories. The Spanish and Portuguese manufacturing plants are able to produce and ship an item in a very short time. The position of the factories is strategic, the fact that the factories are in Europe. Resolution for that could be establishment of the manufacturing plant in Mexico. The country is relatively cheaper than the US but it is Just by the border. By establishing production plants in Mexico Zara would have the opportunity to create similar situation as they have in Europe at the time. One more thing which definitely should get more attention in the US is advertising. Zara spends only 0. 3% of its revenue on advertising while their competitors spend between 3% and 4%. We believe that this strategy may work on the European market but in the US the advertising budget hould be raised. In the US the advertising is much more aggressive so in order to become noticed Zara needs to leave their old ways behind and compete as equal with the big companies on the American market. Zara should also somehow test the US market before entering. We believe that by offering the online store first they would get much greater understanding of the market as a whole. The company would be able to see the different trends within a market and how it is divided. All the information from the online sales could be then used as a part of the strategy hen it comes to placement of the retail stores and overall general info about customer needs in given parts of the country. Benchmarking of their biggest competitors on the American market would be highly recommended. Before entering a new market you need to know what are the best practices of your competitors. Ohno, Taiichi Oune 1988). Toyota Production System beyond large-scale production. Productivity Press http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Zara_(retailer)#cite_note-10 forbes. com/sites/gregpetro/2012/10/25/the-future-of-fashion-retailing- the-zara-approach-part-2-of-3/

Effective Working Teams Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Effective Working Teams - Essay Example Brilliance in communication is an ingredient in influencing others as one stands a better chance to present and defend their line of thought, hence convincing others to adopt it as a superior option to theirs. On the same note, persons willing to assume any responsibility and with the ability to make decisions and solve problems more aggressively do dominate others in working teams. Such persons do embrace more leadership roles compared to those who do not possess the skills. Therefore, personal skills are critical in influencing others effectively in teamwork roles. In an organization, for any group to qualify as a team, there are certain basic qualifications required. Plunkett, Allen, and Attner explain the most important qualification for the development of a common objective for such a group to qualify as a team. Despite the roles of each member of the team, all team players have to work towards a common, shared goal, which is the common objective. Secondly, there has to be regular interaction and coordination between members of the group for it to qualify as a team. Therefore, an effective team has to have all its members sharing and committed to a common goal. Furthermore, there has to be deeply rooted trust among members, with each member enjoying the freedom of expression in addition to participating in any role played by the team. Importantly, in teamwork, major decisions have to be made through consensus after evaluating the presented opinions. Problems in effective teams have to be solved based on their causes to develop lasting soluti ons.